Yes, one of the primary functions of orthodontic treatment is to correct “malocclusion,” a term used to describe a bite that is not properly aligned. While many people seek braces to straighten crooked teeth, orthodontists are equally focused on how the upper and lower teeth meet. A well-aligned bite ensures that the forces generated during chewing are distributed evenly, protecting the teeth from excessive wear and reducing strain on the jaw joints. Correcting a bite problem often requires the use of supplementary tools, such as elastic bands, in addition to the standard brackets and wires.
What We’ll Discuss in This Article
- Common types of bite problems treated by orthodontists
- The clinical process of moving the upper and lower arches into alignment
- The role of inter-arch elastics and functional appliances
- Benefits of a corrected bite for long-term dental health
- When jaw surgery may be required alongside orthodontic treatment
- The importance of the “working phase” in bite correction
Common Types of Bite Problems
Bite problems are generally categorised based on how the upper teeth sit in relation to the lower teeth. The most frequent issues encountered in UK clinics include:
- Overbite: The upper front teeth overlap the lower front teeth excessively.
- Underbite: The lower teeth sit in front of the upper teeth when the mouth is closed.
- Crossbite: Some upper teeth sit inside the lower teeth rather than outside them.
- Open Bite: The front teeth do not meet at all when the back teeth are together.
How Braces Move the Bite
Fixing a bite involves moving the entire arch of teeth, not just individual ones. During the “working phase” of treatment, the orthodontist uses the braces as an anchor to apply forces that shift the arches forward, backward, or sideways. This is a gradual process that relies on the biological remodelling of the jawbone. NICE provides clinical guidelines on the management of dental irregularities, emphasizing that a stable bite relationship is a key indicator of a successful treatment outcome.
The Role of Elastics and Other Appliances
To move the bite effectively, orthodontists often use supplementary appliances. The most common are inter-arch elastics (rubber bands), which are hooked between the upper and lower braces. These elastics provide the constant tension needed to pull the arches into the correct position. For growing children, functional appliances like the Twin Block may be used to influence the growth of the jawbones themselves. These tools are essential because braces alone can straighten teeth, but they cannot always move the jaws into the correct relationship without extra help.
Long-Term Benefits of a Corrected Bite
Correcting a malocclusion provides several significant health benefits:
- Reduced Tooth Wear: Teeth that meet correctly do not chip or wear down prematurely.
- Improved Chewing: A functional bite allows for more efficient breakdown of food.
- Jaw Joint Health: Proper alignment reduces the risk of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and related headaches.
- Easier Hygiene: Straight teeth with a proper bite are significantly easier to brush and floss.
When Surgery is Necessary
In some severe cases, particularly in adults where the jawbones are no longer growing, braces alone may not be enough to fix a bite discrepancy. This usually occurs when the issue is skeletal (the bones themselves are the wrong size or shape) rather than just dental. In these instances, “orthognathic surgery” (jaw surgery) may be recommended in combination with braces. GOV.UK outlines the quality standards for complex dental and surgical services to ensure that patients receiving combined treatment are managed safely and effectively.
Maintaining the Correction
Once the bite has been corrected and the braces are removed, the retention phase is crucial. Teeth and jaws have a natural tendency to shift back toward their original positions. Wearing retainers as instructed is the only way to ensure the new, healthy bite remains stable for the rest of your life.
Conclusion
Braces are a highly effective tool for fixing a wide range of bite problems, from simple overbites to complex crossbites. By using a combination of brackets, wires, and elastics, an orthodontist can align your teeth into a healthy, functional position. While some cases may require additional appliances or even surgery, the long-term benefits for your dental and jaw health make the process a valuable investment. If you experience severe, sudden, or worsening symptoms, call 999 immediately.
How long does it take to fix an overbite with braces?
Bite correction is often the longest phase of treatment. While teeth may look straight after a few months, correcting a significant overbite typically takes 18 to 24 months in total.
Do I have to wear the rubber bands all the time?
Yes. For elastics to work, they must be worn for the exact number of hours prescribed (usually 22 hours a day). Failing to wear them can stall your progress and extend your treatment time.
Can clear aligners fix bite problems?
Yes, modern clear aligner systems can fix many bite issues using “attachments” and elastics, though traditional fixed braces are still sometimes preferred for very complex bite corrections.
Will my face shape change after my bite is fixed?
Correcting a severe overbite or underbite can subtly improve your facial profile and how your lips meet, often leading to a more balanced and aesthetic appearance.
Does fixing the bite hurt more than straightening the teeth?
You may feel a different type of pressure when you start wearing elastics, but it is generally a dull ache that subsides within a few days as your jaw adapts to the new forces.
Can a crossbite fix itself as a child grows?
No, most bite problems do not resolve on their own and can worsen as permanent teeth erupt. Early intervention with an orthodontist is usually recommended.
Why do I have to wear a bite block?
A bite block is a small pad used to prevent you from biting down fully. This is often necessary to stop your upper teeth from hitting your lower brackets while your bite is being corrected.
Authority Snapshot (E-E-A-T)
This medical education content is developed by our clinical team and reviewed by Dr Stefan Petrov, a UK-trained physician. Our goal is to provide accurate, up-to-date information on orthodontic procedures in line with NHS and NICE standards. We prioritise patient safety and evidence-based guidance to help you navigate your dental health journey.
