Are ozone and nitrogen dioxide exposures during pregnancy tied to autism? 

Recent studies suggest that ozone, nitrogen dioxide and autism may be linked with exposure to these pollutants during pregnancy increasing the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children. Both ozone and nitrogen dioxide, common components of prenatal air pollution, have been shown to interfere with critical stages of neurodevelopmental risk, potentially leading to developmental delays and behaviours associated with autism. 

Ozone, nitrogen dioxide and autism are connected through their impact on the developing brain. Prenatal air pollution has been found to cause inflammation and oxidative stress, which can disrupt neural growth and contribute to the later development of autism. Exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide during pregnancy is particularly concerning because these pollutants can alter brain function during crucial developmental windows.

How Does Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure Affect Autism Risk? 

Understanding the link between ozone, nitrogen dioxide and autism can help mitigate environmental risks during pregnancy. Here’s how exposure to these pollutants can impact child development: 

Prenatal Exposure:  

Ozone and nitrogen dioxide exposure during pregnancy increases neurodevelopmental risk, as these pollutants can interfere with the brain’s development in the womb. The impact of prenatal air pollution can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, raising the likelihood of autism. 

Long-Term Effects:  

Children exposed to ozone and nitrogen dioxide while in the womb may experience challenges in areas like communication, social interactions, and behaviour. Reducing prenatal air pollution can help lower these risks and support healthier brain development. 

Visit providers like Autism Detect for personal consultations to learn how ozone, nitrogen dioxide and autism may affect your child’s development and explore strategies to reduce exposure to harmful pollutants. 

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Exposure to Toxins or Pollutants.

Hannah Smith, MSc

Author

Hannah Smith is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and over three years of experience in behaviour therapy, special education, and inclusive practices. She specialises in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and inclusive education strategies. Hannah has worked extensively with children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, Down syndrome, and intellectual disabilities, delivering evidence-based interventions to support development, mental health, and well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.