How Does Maternal Influenza Affect Foetal Brain Development?

PostedNovember 27, 2025

UpdatedNovember 27, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Hannah Smith, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Growing research is investigating the link between maternal influenza and autism, with evidence suggesting that flu infections during pregnancy may influence foetal brain development. Studies show that when a mother experiences the flu during pregnancy, especially in the first or second trimester, it can trigger immune responses that impact the developing brain. The association between maternal influenza and autism highlights the importance of infection prevention and early treatment during pregnancy.

When the body fights off influenza, it activates the immune system. This immune activity can result in inflammation that crosses the placenta, a process believed to interfere with neurodevelopment. Researchers suggest that the connection between maternal influenza and autism may stem from this prenatal inflammation, which could alter brain structure and neural connectivity in the foetus.

How Maternal Influenza and Autism Are Connected Through Brain Development

Here are key ways maternal influenza and autism may influence a child’s development:

Immune response to flu during pregnancy

The immune reaction to flu during pregnancy can cause increased levels of inflammatory molecules, which may affect brain development in utero. These changes could contribute to behaviours associated with autism, such as communication challenges or sensory sensitivity.

Timing and neurodevelopmental impact

The impact of maternal influenza and autism appears stronger when the infection occurs during early pregnancy, a critical time for neurodevelopment. Interruptions in this phase may lead to long-term changes in brain function.

Preventative care and maternal health

Preventing and managing flu during pregnancy through vaccination and medical care may reduce the risk of inflammation-related developmental issues. Taking these precautions may lower the potential impact of maternal influenza and autism on child outcomes.

Visit providers like Autism Detect for personal consultations to understand how maternal influenza and autism may affect your child’s development and explore prevention strategies during flu season.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Maternal Health and Infections.

Hannah Smith, MSc

Author

Hannah Smith is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and over three years of experience in behaviour therapy, special education, and inclusive practices. She specialises in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and inclusive education strategies. Hannah has worked extensively with children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, Down syndrome, and intellectual disabilities, delivering evidence-based interventions to support development, mental health, and well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.