How common are birth complications and low birth weight in autism diagnoses? 

Understanding the prevalence of birth complications in autism is essential for shaping early intervention and monitoring strategies. Both birth complications and low birth weight have been observed more frequently in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than in the general population.

Patterns Seen in Perinatal History

Epidemiological research consistently explores rates in ASD populations when examining trends in the prevalence of birth complications in autism. Findings suggest that children with autism often have a higher rate of perinatal complications, such as oxygen deprivation, premature labour, or emergency C-sections, compared to neurotypical peers.

The perinatal history frequency in autism cases supports the theory that events during or immediately after birth may play a role in shaping neurodevelopment. Among these, low birth weight is also more commonly reported in autism diagnoses, suggesting a potentially shared pathway.

What the Data Reveals

Current epidemiological data do not suggest causation, but they highlight that the prevalence of the birth complications–autism link deserves clinical attention. Recognising patterns can help guide healthcare providers in identifying children at greater developmental risk due to their birth history.

Understanding the prevalence of the relationship between birth complications and autism allows families and clinicians to act sooner and more effectively. Visit providers like Autism Detect for personal consultations and further guidance on screening and support.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Birth Complications and Low Birth Weight.

Lucia Alvarez, MSc

Author

Lucia Alvarez is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience providing evidence-based therapy and psychological assessment to children, adolescents, and adults. Skilled in CBT, DBT, and other therapeutic interventions, she has worked in hospital, community, and residential care settings. Her expertise includes grief counseling, anxiety management, and resilience-building, with a strong focus on creating safe, supportive environments to improve mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.