How do maternal genetic variations affect foetal neurodevelopment and contribute to autism risk?

PostedNovember 30, 2025

UpdatedNovember 30, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Hannah Smith, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Scientists are increasingly exploring how maternal genetic variations and neurodevelopment are linked, particularly in the context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While child genetics have often been the focus, maternal genes can significantly influence the prenatal environment, shaping the trajectory of foetal brain development from the earliest stages.

Specific types of genetic variations, such as SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), may impact hormone regulation, immune activity, and nutrient delivery, all of which are vital for proper foetal brain development. When these processes are disrupted, the likelihood of atypical neurodevelopment increases, potentially raising the risk of ASD. Research shows that certain maternal genetic variations and neurodevelopment markers may directly affect how neural circuits form, particularly those tied to communication, sensory response, and social behaviour.

These SNPs may also heighten sensitivity to environmental stressors such as toxins or infections. In this way, both genetic and environmental influences may converge to affect foetal brain development, increasing susceptibility to autism. Understanding the connection between maternal genetic variations and neurodevelopment can help guide earlier assessments and more personalised intervention strategies.

Subtle Developmental Signs Worth Monitoring

The effects of altered brain development may surface early. These subtle signs could suggest a need for closer observation:

Lower Frequency of Vocal Sounds

Babies might coo or babble less frequently. Speech and language therapy can help build early communication foundations.

Lack of Anticipatory Gestures

A child may not lift their arms to be held or show excitement before a routine event. Developmental guidance can support social-emotional engagement.

Atypical Responses to Movement or Touch

Over- or under-sensitivity to motion, such as disliking swings or resisting being picked up, can indicate sensory processing differences. Sensory integration therapy may ease these challenges.

Visit providers like Autism Detect for personal consultations to understand how maternal health and sensory processing impact your child’s development and how to support effective sensory regulation and comfort.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Maternal Health and Infections.

Hannah Smith, MSc

Author

Hannah Smith is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and over three years of experience in behaviour therapy, special education, and inclusive practices. She specialises in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and inclusive education strategies. Hannah has worked extensively with children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, Down syndrome, and intellectual disabilities, delivering evidence-based interventions to support development, mental health, and well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.