Does advanced parental age affect autism differently for boys vs girls? 

Research into parental age, sex differences and autism is beginning to uncover intriguing patterns. While autism is generally more common in boys, studies suggest that the impact of advanced parental age might vary depending on the sex of the child. This points to possible sex-specific effects in how risk is expressed. 

Some findings indicate that parental age, sex differences and autism risk may be stronger in male offspring, possibly due to a combination of genetic susceptibility and hormonal influences during brain development. Other research suggests that girls may require a greater “genetic load” or more significant environmental triggers, such as older parental age, to develop autism. 

Male vs Female Risk Profiles 

Here’s what emerging data reveals about how sex might shape autism risk in relation to parental age: 

Male vs female risk trends  

In studies examining male vs female risk, boys consistently show higher autism rates across all age groups. However, when parents especially fathers, are older, the relative increase in risk may be more pronounced in girls. This may be due to underlying protective mechanisms that require stronger triggers to overcome. 

Sex-specific effects and biological response  

The sex-specific effects of parental age are likely connected to differences in brain development timing, hormonal sensitivity, and how male and female embryos respond to genetic mutations or maternal immune activity. These differences add complexity to the role of parental age, sex differences and autism in shaping early neurodevelopment. 

Visit providers like Autism Detect for personal consultations to understand how parental health, age, and child-specific risk factors may influence development and how to support effective sensory regulation and comfort. 

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Advanced Parental Age.

Hannah Smith, MSc

Author

Hannah Smith is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and over three years of experience in behaviour therapy, special education, and inclusive practices. She specialises in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and inclusive education strategies. Hannah has worked extensively with children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, Down syndrome, and intellectual disabilities, delivering evidence-based interventions to support development, mental health, and well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.