How Does Literal Thinking Affect Language Development in Autism?

PostedDecember 13, 2025

UpdatedDecember 13, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Hannah Smith, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Literal thinking and language development in autism are deeply connected. Individuals with autism often interpret language literally, focusing on the exact meaning of words rather than understanding implied or figurative language. This cognitive style can make it challenging for them to understand idioms, metaphors, or jokes, which are commonly used in everyday conversations.

For example, phrases like “kick the bucket” or “break a leg” might be confusing, as individuals with autism may take these expressions literally. This difficulty impacts their communication, as they might miss subtle social cues and struggle with conversations involving abstract language.

The Impact of Literal Thinking on Language Development in Autism

Literal thinking significantly shapes how individuals with autism process language and engage in communication. Below are key ways this affects language development:

Misunderstanding Figurative Language

Individuals with autism often struggle to grasp idioms, metaphors, and other forms of figurative language, interpreting them literally instead of understanding the implied meaning.

Challenges with Social Communication

Because literal thinking focuses on the precise meaning of words, individuals with autism may have trouble understanding body language, facial expressions, or tone of voice, which are crucial for effective communication.

Strategies to Enhance Language Development in Autism

To help individuals with autism improve their language development and address the challenges of literal thinking, the following strategies can be effective:

Building Cognitive Flexibility

Approaches like ABA and visual aids can help individuals develop more flexible thinking, enabling them to grasp figurative language better.

Improving Social Communication

Structured social communication training and exposure to real-life examples can enhance understanding of social interactions and abstract language.

For more personalised support, consider visiting providers like Autism Detect for consultations on literal thinking and language development in autism.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Literal Thinking and Difficulty with Abstract Concepts.

Hannah Smith, MSc

Author

Hannah Smith is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and over three years of experience in behaviour therapy, special education, and inclusive practices. She specialises in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and inclusive education strategies. Hannah has worked extensively with children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, Down syndrome, and intellectual disabilities, delivering evidence-based interventions to support development, mental health, and well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.