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Why do individuals with ADHD often feel like imposters? 

Posted
Updated
ByMy Patient Advice
Author: Phoebe Carter, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Many people with ADHD experience feelings of inadequacy, self-doubt, and the sense that they’re “faking it.” This phenomenon, known as imposter syndrome, is deeply tied to ADHD symptoms like emotional dysregulation, executive dysfunction, and social struggles. Evidence from NHS, NICE, and peer-reviewed research shows that these factors contribute to a pervasive sense of being “less than” by others. 

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Emotional dysregulation amplifies imposter feelings 

Emotional dysregulation and impulsivity often lead to moments of shame, regret, or social withdrawal in people with ADHD, which then perpetuates feelings of inadequacy. This emotional turbulence can reinforce the belief that they are “not good enough” or “a fraud,” even when achievements occur (Simply Psychology; The ADHD Centre). 

Executive dysfunction and underachievement contribute to self-doubt 

ADHD-related challenges in planning, time management, and impulse control can negatively impact academic and work performance. When individuals feel like they can’t measure up to their peers or complete tasks as expected, they may internalize these setbacks, leading to chronic feelings of failure and imposter syndrome (The ADHD Centre). 

Internalised stigma and social exclusion 

Research shows that individuals with ADHD often experience internalized stigma and anticipate discrimination, leading to lower self-esteem and heightened psychological distress. This is especially pronounced when individuals are faced with negative feedback or social exclusion, which can fuel imposter feelings and exacerbate self-doubt (PubMed; NIH). 

Social and academic struggles worsen imposter syndrome 

Difficulty in relationships, learning, and maintaining employment often deepens feelings of inadequacy. The chronic cycle of failure in these areas can make individuals feel disconnected from others, increasing imposter syndrome and reinforcing the belief that they do not deserve success or recognition (Mayo Clinic; NI Assembly). 

Rejection Sensitivity Dysphoria (RSD) exacerbates shame 

RSD, a heightened emotional reaction to perceived criticism, is common in ADHD and can result in overwhelming feelings of shame, anger, or despair. This emotional intensity can further damage relationships and self-image, amplifying imposter syndrome (Eton Psychiatrists; Private Psychiatry). 

Therapy and self-compassion strategies help overcome imposter feelings 

Therapeutic approaches, including CBT and self-compassion exercises, are effective in combating imposter syndrome. UK ADHD charities encourage reframing setbacks, celebrating strengths, and connecting with the ADHD community as vital steps towards improving self-esteem and dismantling imposter beliefs (Think ADHD; Counselling Directory). 

A brief note on assessment and support 

For those struggling with imposter syndrome or persistent feelings of inadequacy, seeking structured ADHD assessments can provide clarity and targeted support. Services like ADHD Certify offer assessments for adults and children in the UK. 

Takeaway 

Imposter syndrome is a common and complex issue for individuals with ADHD, rooted in emotional dysregulation, executive function struggles, and social challenges. With the right support, reframing strategies, and a focus on self-compassion, individuals can work to shift these negative self-perceptions and embrace a more empowered sense of self. 

Phoebe Carter, MSc
Author

Phoebe Carter is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and a Bachelor’s in Applied Psychology. She has experience working with both children and adults, conducting psychological assessments, developing individualized treatment plans, and delivering evidence-based therapies. Phoebe specialises in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD, and learning disabilities, as well as mood, anxiety, psychotic, and personality disorders. She is skilled in CBT, behaviour modification, ABA, and motivational interviewing, and is dedicated to providing compassionate, evidence-based mental health care to individuals of all ages.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS
Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy. 

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