Are there specific genes associated with ADHD?

PostedAugust 20, 2025

UpdatedSeptember 4, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Victoria Rowe, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Studies have identified several ADHD genes that contribute to the condition, but no single gene is solely responsible for the development of the disease. Instead, ADHD arises from a combination of genetic variations that influence brain development, neurotransmitter activity, and behaviour. Understanding these genetic markers helps explain why ADHD runs in families and points to potential avenues for treatment.

Research into dopamine genes and other risk alleles has been particularly informative.

Which Genes Are Linked to ADHD?

This is what we know about ADHD genes.

Dopamine-related genes

Variations in certain dopamine genes, like DRD4 and DAT1, have been repeatedly associated with ADHD. These genes affect dopamine signalling, which is crucial for attention and impulse control.

Genetic markers across the genome

Genome-wide studies have identified multiple genetic markers that each contribute a small amount to ADHD risk, reflecting its complex and polygenic nature.

Risk alleles and susceptibility

Certain risk alleles of genetic variants that increase likelihood are more common in people with ADHD, though having them does not guarantee the condition will develop.

Gene-environment interactions

Even with these genes, environmental factors also play a critical role in shaping how and whether symptoms emerge.

Recognising the role of genetics can help families better understand ADHD and seek early support when needed. Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations and guidance on how ADHD genes may influence your care.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Environmental influences.

Victoria Rowe, MSc

Author

Victoria Rowe is a health psychologist with a Master’s in Health Psychology and a BS in Applied Psychology. She has experience as a school psychologist, conducting behavioural assessments, developing individualized education plans (IEPs), and supporting children’s mental health. Dr. Rowe has contributed to peer-reviewed research on mental health, including studies on anxiety disorders and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. Skilled in SPSS, Minitab, and academic writing, she is committed to advancing psychological knowledge and promoting well-being through evidence-based practice.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.