Are there specific diagnostic criteria to distinguish ADHD from depression? 

ADHD and depression diagnostic criteria play a crucial role in distinguishing between these two conditions, which share several overlapping symptoms. Both ADHD and depression can affect a person’s ability to focus, regulate emotions, and perform daily tasks. However, understanding the diagnostic criteria, particularly those outlined in the DSM-5, helps clinicians perform a thorough differential diagnosis, ensuring accurate identification and treatment. 

ADHD vs Depression: Diagnostic Criteria 

The DSM-5 provides specific criteria for both ADHD and depression, which help differentiate between the two. While both conditions may involve inattention, impulsivity, and irritability, their underlying causes and the way these symptoms manifest differ significantly. 

ADHD Diagnostic Criteria 

For ADHD, symptoms must be present for at least six months and be inconsistent with the individual’s developmental level. Common signs include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms must be evident in at least two settings (e.g., at home and school or work) and impair the individual’s functioning in social, academic, or occupational settings. 

Depression Diagnostic Criteria 

On the other hand, depression is characterised by a persistent low mood, loss of interest in activities, and fatigue. The DSM-5 outlines that depressive symptoms must last at least two weeks and be accompanied by other signs, such as sleep disturbances, feelings of worthlessness, and difficulty concentrating. Unlike ADHD, which involves impulsivity, depression tends to manifest as a generalised emotional state of sadness or hopelessness, often impairing motivation rather than focus. 

In conclusion, while ADHD depression and diagnostic criteria share some symptoms, the underlying causes and duration of symptoms differ. ADHD focuses on ongoing inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, while depression is marked by a persistent low mood and emotional fatigue. By using the diagnostic criteria and understanding of differential diagnosis, clinicians can accurately distinguish between these conditions, ensuring effective treatment. 

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For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Differential Diagnosis of ADHD.