Are there specific diagnostic criteria to distinguish ADHD from depression?

PostedAugust 28, 2025

UpdatedSeptember 8, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Avery Lombardi, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

ADHD and depression diagnostic criteria play a crucial role in distinguishing between these two conditions, which share several overlapping symptoms. Both ADHD and depression can affect a person’s ability to focus, regulate emotions, and perform daily tasks. However, understanding the diagnostic criteria, particularly those outlined in the DSM-5, helps clinicians perform a thorough differential diagnosis, ensuring accurate identification and treatment.

ADHD vs Depression: Diagnostic Criteria

The DSM-5 provides specific criteria for both ADHD and depression, which help differentiate between the two. While both conditions may involve inattention, impulsivity, and irritability, their underlying causes and the way these symptoms manifest differ significantly.

ADHD Diagnostic Criteria

For ADHD, symptoms must be present for at least six months and be inconsistent with the individual’s developmental level. Common signs include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms must be evident in at least two settings (e.g., at home and school or work) and impair the individual’s functioning in social, academic, or occupational settings.

Depression Diagnostic Criteria

On the other hand, depression is characterised by a persistent low mood, loss of interest in activities, and fatigue. The DSM-5 outlines that depressive symptoms must last at least two weeks and be accompanied by other signs, such as sleep disturbances, feelings of worthlessness, and difficulty concentrating. Unlike ADHD, which involves impulsivity, depression tends to manifest as a generalised emotional state of sadness or hopelessness, often impairing motivation rather than focus.

In conclusion, while ADHD depression and diagnostic criteria share some symptoms, the underlying causes and duration of symptoms differ. ADHD focuses on ongoing inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, while depression is marked by a persistent low mood and emotional fatigue. By using the diagnostic criteria and understanding of differential diagnosis, clinicians can accurately distinguish between these conditions, ensuring effective treatment.

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations and expert guidance tailored to your unique situation.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Differential Diagnosis of ADHD.

Avery Lombardi, MSc

Author

Avery Lombardi is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and a Bachelor’s in Psychology. She has professional experience in psychological assessment, evidence-based therapy, and research, working with both child and adult populations. Avery has provided clinical services in hospital, educational, and community settings, delivering interventions such as CBT, DBT, and tailored treatment plans for conditions including anxiety, depression, and developmental disorders. She has also contributed to research on self-stigma, self-esteem, and medication adherence in psychotic patients, and has created educational content on ADHD, treatment options, and daily coping strategies.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.