How Does DSM-5 Differentiate Between ADHD and Anxiety Disorders? 

The DSM-5 differentiation between ADHD and anxiety disorders is an essential part of the diagnostic process, as both conditions share overlapping symptoms. However, the DSM-5 provides clear criteria to distinguish between them, enabling clinicians to make a more accurate diagnosis. 

ADHD and anxiety disorders can both present with difficulties in concentration and restlessness, but the underlying causes of these symptoms differ. In ADHD, inattention is often due to a lack of focus or organisation, while in anxiety disorders, inattention typically stems from excessive worry and fear. Similarly, the anxiety symptoms seen in individuals with anxiety disorders, such as excessive worry, physical tension, and avoidance behaviour, are not generally present in ADHD. 

The DSM-5 helps differentiate these two conditions by requiring a detailed history and assessment of the symptoms’ onset and persistence. For instance, ADHD symptoms must be present before the age of 12 and must cause significant impairment in multiple settings, such as school, work, or home. On the other hand, anxiety symptoms typically focus on heightened fear or worry about specific situations and are often linked to particular events or triggers. 

How It Helps 

By understanding the DSM-5 differentiation between ADHD and anxiety, clinicians can provide more accurate diagnoses and tailored treatment plans. This distinction helps ensure that the treatment strategy focuses on the root cause of the symptoms, whether they are due to ADHD, anxiety, or a combination of both, improving the effectiveness of the interventions. 

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations and expert advice tailored to your needs.   

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to DSM-5 Diagnostic Guidelines.  

Harriet Winslow, BSc

Author

Harriet Winslow is a clinical psychologist with a Bachelor’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience in behaviour therapy and developmental disorders. She has worked with children and adolescents with ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learning disabilities, and behavioural challenges, providing individual and group therapy using evidence-based approaches such as CBT and DBT. Dr. Winslow has developed and implemented personalised treatment plans, conducted formal and informal assessments, and delivered crisis intervention for clients in need of urgent mental health care. Her expertise spans assessment, treatment planning, and behavioural intervention for both neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.