How can I explain ADHD to others? 

Explaining ADHD to others can feel daunting, especially when people hold outdated or inaccurate views. According to NHS guidance and NICE NG87, ADHD is a recognised neurodevelopmental condition, not a behavioural or motivational problem. Understanding this framing helps adults explain their experiences clearly and without stigma. 

Why ADHD is often misunderstood 

Many adults find that family, partners, or colleagues mistake ADHD traits, such as forgetfulness, lateness, or emotional intensity for carelessness or lack of effort. The Royal College of Psychiatrists notes that ADHD involves differences in attention regulation, planning, and emotional control. These symptoms can be invisible or inconsistent, which leads to misunderstanding. 

NHS England’s ADHD Taskforce Report highlights that stigma and lack of awareness are major barriers to support, especially for adults diagnosed later in life. 

How to describe ADHD simply and accurately 

When talking about ADHD, using clear and factual language helps reduce misunderstanding: 

• “ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition.” It affects how the brain regulates attention, emotion, and motivation, not intelligence or effort. 

• “Executive function is affected.” Tasks like organising, remembering steps, or sustaining focus can take extra effort. 

• “Symptoms are invisible.” ADHD looks different for everyone and can vary day to day depending on stress, sleep, or interest level. 

NICE guidance and NHS resources recommend focusing on the functional impact rather than medical jargon, helping others see ADHD as a pattern of challenges and strengths rather than “excuses.” 

Communication strategies that build understanding 

• Use analogies: Compare ADHD to “having too many browser tabs open” or “trying to tune into a fuzzy radio signal.” 

• Focus on strengths: Many people with ADHD bring creativity, problem-solving, and hyperfocus to their work and relationships. 

• Share resources: Direct others to trusted information such as NHS ADHD in adults or NICE NG87 guidance. 

• Practice self-advocacy: Clearly explain what helps, for example, “I work better with written reminders” or “Please allow extra time for planning.” 

Private services like ADHD Certify follow NICE NG87 frameworks and can provide structured post-diagnosis reviews, complementing NHS pathways for adults seeking formal support and guidance. 

The takeaway 

According to NHS and NICE guidance, ADHD is best explained as a difference in how the brain manages attention, emotion, and action, not a lack of discipline. By focusing on neurodevelopment, using relatable examples, and highlighting both challenges and strengths, adults can help others see ADHD clearly and compassionately. Open, stigma-free communication creates understanding and helps people with ADHD be recognised for their abilities, not just their struggles. 

Victoria Rowe, MSc

Author

Victoria Rowe is a health psychologist with a Master’s in Health Psychology and a BS in Applied Psychology. She has experience as a school psychologist, conducting behavioural assessments, developing individualized education plans (IEPs), and supporting children’s mental health. Dr. Rowe has contributed to peer-reviewed research on mental health, including studies on anxiety disorders and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. Skilled in SPSS, Minitab, and academic writing, she is committed to advancing psychological knowledge and promoting well-being through evidence-based practice.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Clarissa Morton, PharmD

Reviewer

Dr. Clarissa Morton is a licensed pharmacist with a Doctor of Pharmacy degree and experience across hospital, community, and industrial pharmacy. She has worked in emergency, outpatient, and inpatient pharmacy settings, providing patient counseling, dispensing medications, and ensuring regulatory compliance. Alongside her pharmacy expertise, she has worked as a Support Plan & Risk Assessment (SPRA) officer and in medical coding, applying knowledge of medical terminology, EMIS, and SystmOne software to deliver accurate, compliant healthcare documentation. Her skills span medication safety, regulatory standards, healthcare data management, and statistical reporting.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewers's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.