How do genetics influence brain structure and function related to ADHD risk?

PostedAugust 18, 2025

UpdatedSeptember 4, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Harriet Winslow, BSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Genetics and brain structure ADHD are closely linked, playing a significant role in the development of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Studies have shown that genetic factors can influence how the brain develops and functions, contributing to the characteristic symptoms of ADHD. The brain regions in charge of attention, impulse control, and emotional regulation are shaped by these genetic factors.

Genetic influence ADHD tends to impact brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, which regulates decision-making and attention, and the basal ganglia, involved in motor control. Differences in these areas, due to genetic factors, often lead to the cognitive and behavioural challenges seen in individuals with ADHD. Some people are more prone to ADHD due to the inheritance of specific genes, especially if they have family members who have the disorder. Understanding how genetics and brain structure ADHD are connected helps to explain why ADHD tends to run in families and can also shed light on the early development of brain structures in children with ADHD.

Common Symptoms of ADHD Linked to Genetics

Here are common symptoms of ADHD that are associated with genetics and brain structure ADHD:

Difficulty focusing and staying on task

Individuals with ADHD often struggle to maintain focus for long periods, especially on tasks requiring sustained attention. This is often due to underactivity in the prefrontal cortex, which is influenced by genetic factors.

Impulsivity and difficulty controlling emotions

Impulsivity, such as acting without thinking, is a hallmark of ADHD. This behaviour is related to differences in the basal ganglia, which can be shaped by genetic influences.

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Harriet Winslow, BSc

Author

Harriet Winslow is a clinical psychologist with a Bachelor’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience in behaviour therapy and developmental disorders. She has worked with children and adolescents with ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learning disabilities, and behavioural challenges, providing individual and group therapy using evidence-based approaches such as CBT and DBT. Dr. Winslow has developed and implemented personalised treatment plans, conducted formal and informal assessments, and delivered crisis intervention for clients in need of urgent mental health care. Her expertise spans assessment, treatment planning, and behavioural intervention for both neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.