What brain structure and function abnormalities are seen in people with ADHD? 

Understanding ADHD brain abnormalities is key to recognising how the condition develops and why its symptoms persist. Studies of brain imaging have consistently shown that individuals with ADHD often experience differences in the size, activity, and connectivity of certain brain regions. These ADHD brain abnormalities help explain the challenges in focus, emotional control, and behaviour that many people with ADHD face. 

The condition is classed among neurodevelopmental disorders, meaning it affects how the brain develops from early life. Common structural and functional differences appear in areas like the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. The prefrontal cortex, which governs decision-making and attention, may be underactive. The basal ganglia, which influence movement and motivation, often function differently in people with ADHD. Meanwhile, the cerebellum plays a role in timing and emotional control and may also show delayed development or reduced size. These patterns, common in neurodevelopmental disorders, provide essential insight into how ADHD symptoms arise and evolve. 

Common Symptoms 

Here are symptoms typically linked to these ADHD brain abnormalities: 

Struggling to stay focused

Tasks may be abandoned, or attention may shift quickly. This is commonly tied to an underactive prefrontal cortex. 
 

Impulsivity and difficulty regulating behaviour

Quick decisions, emotional outbursts, or physical restlessness may result from disrupted basal ganglia activity.  

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations and expert guidance tailored to your unique situation.  

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Brain structure and Function.