What Brain Structure and Function Abnormalities Are Shared Between ADHD and Autism?

PostedAugust 19, 2025

UpdatedSeptember 4, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Harriet Winslow, BSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Both ADHD and autism share several brain structure and function abnormalities, which contribute to the common cognitive and behavioural challenges seen in both conditions. Brain structure ADHD research and studies on autism have shown that differences in key brain regions, particularly the prefrontal cortex, are commonly found in both groups. The prefrontal cortex, which is involved in executive function such as decision-making, impulse control, and emotional regulation, is often underactive in individuals with ADHD and autism.

Additionally, ADHD causes such as deficits in attention and self-regulation are frequently observed in both conditions. Brain scans ADHD and imaging studies of individuals with autism reveal abnormalities in areas like the basal ganglia, which are responsible for controlling movement and regulating behaviour. These differences in brain function may help explain why individuals with both ADHD and autism often struggle with organisation, social interactions, and emotional responses.

How It Helps

Understanding the shared brain structure ADHD and autism abnormalities helps guide treatment strategies.

Improved Self-Regulation

By targeting brain function through therapy and medication, individuals can experience improvements in executive function and emotional control.

Better Behaviour Management

Treatments can support both ADHD and autism patients by helping them manage attention, focus, and social interactions.

Focusing on the similarities in brain function between ADHD and autism can aid in tailoring interventions to improve cognitive and behavioural outcomes for individuals with either condition.

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations and expert advice tailored to your needs.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Brain Structure and Function.

Harriet Winslow, BSc

Author

Harriet Winslow is a clinical psychologist with a Bachelor’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience in behaviour therapy and developmental disorders. She has worked with children and adolescents with ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learning disabilities, and behavioural challenges, providing individual and group therapy using evidence-based approaches such as CBT and DBT. Dr. Winslow has developed and implemented personalised treatment plans, conducted formal and informal assessments, and delivered crisis intervention for clients in need of urgent mental health care. Her expertise spans assessment, treatment planning, and behavioural intervention for both neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.