What Brain Structure and Function Changes Lead to Hyperactivity in ADHD? 

Hyperactivity in ADHD is often linked to specific changes in brain structure ADHD that affect how the brain regulates movement and behaviour. ADHD brain imaging studies have shown that individuals with ADHD, particularly ADHD in children, tend to have structural and functional differences in key areas of the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia, which are critical for motor control and impulse regulation. These changes can lead to the characteristic ADHD beshaviour of hyperactivity, making it difficult for children to sit still, stay focused, or control their impulses. 

The ADHD brain imaging research reveals that abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex, which helps with decision-making, impulse control, and managing attention, often result in difficulties regulating energy levels and movement. Additionally, the basal ganglia, a region involved in motor control, may also show altered activity in children with ADHD, contributing to hyperactive behaviours. These brain structure ADHD differences are often associated with prenatal risk ADHD factors, where early-life disruptions such as maternal stress or substance use can increase the likelihood of these brain changes. 

Common Symptoms of Hyperactivity Linked to Brain Structure and Function Changes 

The changes in brain structure of ADHD that lead to hyperactivity are often visible through common symptoms in children. Some of the key signs include: 

Excessive Movement

Children with ADHD may find it hard to remain still. This includes fidgeting, squirming in their seats, or constantly moving, even when it’s not appropriate.  

Inability to Sit Still

Children may have trouble staying seated during tasks that require sustained attention, such as schoolwork or meals. This is often due to an overactive response from the brain regions that control movement. 

Constant Talking

Hyperactivity in ADHD is not limited to physical movement. Children with ADHD may also talk excessively, interrupt others, or have difficulty pausing in conversation.  

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations and expert advice tailored to your needs.   

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Brain Structure and Function.