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What risk factors affect brain structure and function causing ADHD?

PostedAugust 18, 2025
UpdatedSeptember 4, 2025
ByMy Patient Advice
Author: Harriet Winslow, BSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Understanding the risk factors brain structure ADHD is crucial for recognising how certain factors can influence the development of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). According to research, the development of ADHD may be influenced by a confluence of neurological, environmental, and genetic factors that alter brain structure and function. 

One of the key ADHD contributing factors is genetic predisposition. ADHD often runs in families, meaning children with a family history of the condition are more likely to experience similar symptoms. This is due to inherited differences in brain areas like the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in attention regulation and impulse control. Furthermore, environmental factors that can disrupt brain development and raise the risk of ADHD include exposure to toxins, alcohol, or nicotine during pregnancy. Low birth weight and early brain injuries are also known to play a role in altering the brain’s structure and function, further contributing to the development of ADHD. 

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Common Symptoms Linked to Risk Factors 

These symptoms are commonly tied to risk factors brain structure ADHD: 

Difficulty focusing or staying on task

People with ADHD often find it difficult to focus on tasks or pay attention for long periods. This issue is typically connected to an underactive prefrontal cortex. 

Impulsivity and hyperactivity

Individuals may struggle with impulsive behaviour, such as fidgeting, interrupting others, or speaking without thinking. These symptoms often result from dysfunction in brain areas responsible for impulse control. 

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations and expert guidance tailored to your unique situation. 

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Brain Structure and Function. 

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Harriet Winslow, BSc - My patient advice author - mypatientadvice.co.uk
Harriet Winslow, BSc
Author

Harriet Winslow is a clinical psychologist with a Bachelor’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience in behaviour therapy and developmental disorders. She has worked with children and adolescents with ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learning disabilities, and behavioural challenges, providing individual and group therapy using evidence-based approaches such as CBT and DBT. Dr. Winslow has developed and implemented personalised treatment plans, conducted formal and informal assessments, and delivered crisis intervention for clients in need of urgent mental health care. Her expertise spans assessment, treatment planning, and behavioural intervention for both neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS, author and a reviewer for my patient advice - mypatientadvice.co.uk
Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS
Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.