How common is ADHD in children born prematurely?

PostedAugust 20, 2025

UpdatedSeptember 4, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Avery Lombardi, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

There is growing evidence that ADHD in premature children is significantly more common than in those born full-term. Studies suggest that babies born before 37 weeks are more likely to show signs of attention and behavioural difficulties as they grow older.

The link between ADHD in premature children and early birth is likely due to the way premature birth affects brain development. The last few weeks of pregnancy are crucial for brain growth, especially in areas related to focus, impulse control, and emotional regulation. As a result, children born prematurely have a higher risk of developing ADHD, with many exhibiting early signs of inattention or hyperactivity during their initial school years.

Developmental delays are not uncommon in this group, and while not all premature babies will develop ADHD, still they remain at higher risk. Close monitoring of developmental milestones and behaviour can make early diagnosis and intervention more effective, helping support long-term outcomes in child development.

Signs of ADHD Often Seen in Premature Children

Here are some common behavioural patterns that may indicate ADHD in children born prematurely. These signs are often noticed in structured environments like school or during group activities.

Inattention

May appear as frequent daydreaming, forgetfulness, or difficulty staying on task. Children may struggle to follow multi-step instructions or complete activities independently.

Hyperactivity

Can show up as constant movement, difficulty sitting still, or excessive talking. It’s often more obvious in quiet settings.

Impulsivity

Includes interrupting others, acting without thinking, or having difficulty waiting their turn. This can lead to social challenges with peers.

If these behaviours are frequent and disruptive, it could be worth seeking professional insight.

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations and advice tailored to your child’s needs.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to premature birth or low birth weight.

Avery Lombardi, MSc

Author

Avery Lombardi is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and a Bachelor’s in Psychology. She has professional experience in psychological assessment, evidence-based therapy, and research, working with both child and adult populations. Avery has provided clinical services in hospital, educational, and community settings, delivering interventions such as CBT, DBT, and tailored treatment plans for conditions including anxiety, depression, and developmental disorders. She has also contributed to research on self-stigma, self-esteem, and medication adherence in psychotic patients, and has created educational content on ADHD, treatment options, and daily coping strategies.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.