Can hyperactive-impulsive ADHD medications lead to increased anxiety or mood swings?

PostedSeptember 15, 2025

UpdatedSeptember 17, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Lucia Alvarez, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Yes, some adults with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD may experience increased anxiety or mood swings when starting or adjusting medication. While ADHD therapy often improves focus, restlessness, and academic performance, certain stimulant medications can occasionally disrupt emotional regulation, especially in the early stages of treatment. For those navigating ADHD in adults, these emotional shifts can sometimes complicate daily life and work performance.

This reaction isn’t universal. Many individuals report significant benefits from ADHD medication, including reduced impulsivity and better task management. However, everyone’s brain chemistry is different, and finding the right dosage or type, whether stimulant or non-stimulant, can take time. It’s crucial to work closely with healthcare providers and use reliable diagnostic tools to monitor both benefits and side effects.

Emotional Side Effects to Watch For

If you’re starting medication for hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, keep an eye out for the following emotional side effects. These responses may signal the need for an adjustment in dosage or type of medication.

Increased Irritability
This can feel like being more easily frustrated or agitated than usual. It may occur if the medication wears off too quickly or is too strong. Adjusting dosage or switching formulations may help.

Heightened Anxiety
Some adults feel more nervous or on edge, particularly with stimulant-based ADHD therapy. Non-stimulant options might be better tolerated in these cases.

Mood Swings
Rapid shifts from feeling energised to down or tearful can be unsettling. Mood changes might indicate the need for dosage recalibration or additional support strategies, like parent training if managing ADHD in adults within a family setting.

Remember, medication is just one part of a broader treatment plan, which may also include behavioural therapy and lifestyle adjustments. Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations and tailored support.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD .

Lucia Alvarez, MSc

Author

Lucia Alvarez is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience providing evidence-based therapy and psychological assessment to children, adolescents, and adults. Skilled in CBT, DBT, and other therapeutic interventions, she has worked in hospital, community, and residential care settings. Her expertise includes grief counseling, anxiety management, and resilience-building, with a strong focus on creating safe, supportive environments to improve mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.