Do screening tools account for birth complications and low birth weight when assessing autism risk? 

When assessing early neurodevelopmental outcomes, particularly autism, a key question is whether current screening tools for perinatal risk of autism consider vital variables such as low birth weight and birth complications. These early-life factors can influence neurological trajectories and increase autism susceptibility.

Screening Tools for Perinatal Risk in Autism

Incorporating Perinatal Risk into Autism Screening

Standard autism screening methods, such as the M-CHAT or other early developmental checklists, often focus on behavioural milestones. However, many tools are now being refined to include perinatal health markers, allowing for more risk-informed screening.

Adjusted Screening Protocols

Screening approaches that consider low birth weight and perinatal complications may be more accurate at identifying at-risk infants earlier. Adjusted screening protocols integrate birth history, such as NICU admission, gestational age, and APGAR scores, into clinician decision-making frameworks.

Clinician Checklists

Some paediatricians and specialists are using enhanced clinician checklists to flag infants who may need closer developmental tracking due to these early risk factors. These tools improve early referral rates for further assessment or intervention services.

By embedding screening tools for perinatal risk of autism into early detection systems, healthcare providers can improve diagnostic accuracy and support timely care for high-risk infants. Visit providers like Autism Detect to explore expert consultations and customised screening plans for babies born with known perinatal complications.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Birth Complications and Low Birth Weight.

Lucia Alvarez, MSc

Author

Lucia Alvarez is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience providing evidence-based therapy and psychological assessment to children, adolescents, and adults. Skilled in CBT, DBT, and other therapeutic interventions, she has worked in hospital, community, and residential care settings. Her expertise includes grief counseling, anxiety management, and resilience-building, with a strong focus on creating safe, supportive environments to improve mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.