Does maternal smoking during pregnancy increase autism risk?

PostedNovember 30, 2025

UpdatedNovember 30, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Hannah Smith, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

The link between maternal smoking and autism risk is being studied more closely as researchers explore how prenatal environments influence brain development. Some findings suggest that smoking during pregnancy could increase the likelihood of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly when exposure occurs in the first trimester.

Maternal smoking and autism risk are believed to be connected through nicotine’s impact on the developing nervous system. Harmful substances from cigarette smoke can enter the placenta, potentially disrupting neural growth and function. This kind of prenatal exposure may increase vulnerability, especially when combined with genetic or other environmental influences.

Though not every study finds a direct cause, the consensus is that reducing or eliminating tobacco use during pregnancy is a recommended step for improving prenatal exposure outcomes. It may also play a role in lowering the chances of various developmental conditions, including autism.

As research into maternal smoking and autism risk continues, it is clear that smoking cessation before or early in pregnancy can support better outcomes for both mother and child.

Early Developmental Signs to Notice

Autism can appear in different ways depending on the child. These early signs may warrant a closer look:

Inconsistent Emotional Expressions

A child may show flat affect or limited facial responsiveness. Early ABA-based intervention and interactive play can help support emotional development.

Delayed Babbling or Lack of Verbal Play

If early speech sounds are minimal or missing, speech therapy combined with ABA strategies can help build strong communication foundations.

Hyper-reactivity to Smells or Sounds

Children might startle easily or avoid certain environments. Sensory integration therapy alongside ABA can help improve comfort, regulation, and resilience.

Visit providers like Autism Detect for personal consultations to understand how maternal health and sensory processing impact your child’s development and how to support effective sensory regulation and comfort.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Maternal Health and Infections.

Hannah Smith, MSc

Author

Hannah Smith is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and over three years of experience in behaviour therapy, special education, and inclusive practices. She specialises in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and inclusive education strategies. Hannah has worked extensively with children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, Down syndrome, and intellectual disabilities, delivering evidence-based interventions to support development, mental health, and well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.