What Role Do Maternal Hormones and Autism Play in Development?

PostedNovember 27, 2025

UpdatedNovember 27, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Hannah Smith, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Recent studies are beginning to shed light on the complex connection between maternal hormones and autism. During pregnancy, a delicate balance of hormones helps shape the developing brain. Research now suggests that changes in this hormonal environment, particularly involving oestrogen, progesterone, and cortisol, could influence the likelihood of autism in children.

Hormonal shifts are a natural part of pregnancy, but elevated or deficient levels of certain hormones may affect brain structure and function. The link between maternal hormones and autism focuses on how these hormonal imbalances might interfere with neural connectivity, social behaviour development, and emotional regulation, all areas associated with autism spectrum disorder. Continued research into maternal hormones and autism is helping to build a more nuanced understanding of early brain development.

How Maternal Hormones and Autism May Influence Foetal Brain Development

Here are some of the ways maternal hormones and autism could impact a child’s neurodevelopment:

Oestrogen and neural growth

Oestrogen supports brain growth and neuron formation. Abnormal levels during pregnancy might influence the timing of brain development, which could be linked to autism-related traits.

Progesterone and brain protection

Progesterone plays a neuroprotective role. Low levels during critical windows of foetal development may reduce this protection, potentially increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental issues, including autism.

Cortisol and stress response

Elevated cortisol, often triggered by maternal stress, may affect the foetal stress regulation system and emotional reactivity. These effects are being explored in studies linking stress hormones to autism development.

Visit providers like Autism Detect for personal consultations to understand how maternal hormones and autism may interact in pregnancy and explore options for hormonal and prenatal health monitoring.

For a deeper exploration into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Maternal Health and Infections.

Hannah Smith, MSc

Author

Hannah Smith is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and over three years of experience in behaviour therapy, special education, and inclusive practices. She specialises in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and inclusive education strategies. Hannah has worked extensively with children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, Down syndrome, and intellectual disabilities, delivering evidence-based interventions to support development, mental health, and well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.