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Can Multiple Births (Twins, Triplets) Increase the Risk of Autism? 

Posted
Updated
ByMy Patient Advice
Author: Beatrice Holloway, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Growing interest surrounds whether multiple births and autism risk are connected. While studies show a modest uptick in diagnoses among children from twin or triplet pregnancies, more comprehensive research suggests this link is generally weak once the broader perinatal picture is considered. 

In Western Australia, a population study found that the autism rate among individuals from multiple births was roughly 30 per 1,000 slightly higher than the general rate, which averaged around 26 per 1,000 births. However, these numbers carried no statistically significant increase. This suggests that multiple births and autism risk may be influenced more by underlying family or environmental factors rather than the multiplicity itself.  

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Why the Difference May Appear 

The differences may appear because of the following factors: 

Genetics Over Gestation Context 

Twin studies have demonstrated that shared genes, particularly among identical twins, play a highly significant role in autism. Many early reports of elevated incidence in twins are better explained by genetic similarity than by duplication of prenatal environments. 

Complex Delivery Factors 

Multiple pregnancies often coincide with perinatal health challenges, such as preterm birth or low birth weight. These conditions, rather than being multiples per se, are more likely to influence neurodevelopmental outcomes. 

While having twins or triplets might add complexity to early development, being part of a multiple birth rate does not substantially change autism risk when all factors are taken into account. 

If you’d like sensitive, evidence-informed support for your child’s early development, consider visiting Autism Detect for personal consultations. 

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Pre‑natal and Birth‑related Factors.  

Beatrice Holloway, MSc
Author

Beatrice Holloway is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and a BS in Applied Psychology. She specialises in CBT, psychological testing, and applied behaviour therapy, working with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delays, and learning disabilities, as well as adults with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, OCD, and substance use disorders. Holloway creates personalised treatment plans to support emotional regulation, social skills, and academic progress in children, and delivers evidence-based therapy to improve mental health and well-being across all ages.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS
Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy. 

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