How does autism affect willingness to try new foods and balanced nutrition? 

Many autistic people experience challenges with food that go far beyond “picky eating.” According to NHS guidance, differences in sensory processing, including how tastes, textures, smells, and even the look of food are perceived, can strongly shape comfort and confidence around mealtimes. 

Why food selectivity happens 

Autistic individuals often rely on predictable routines to feel secure. When combined with sensory sensitivities, this can lead to selective or repetitive eating habits, choosing the same foods daily, avoiding new textures, or rejecting foods that look or smell unfamiliar. 
Research from the Autism Research Institute (2022) notes that these patterns often begin in childhood and may persist into adulthood, sometimes limiting dietary variety or nutritional balance. 

Some people also experience differences in interoception, the ability to sense hunger or fullness, which can make it harder to recognise when to eat or stop eating. Over time, these patterns can affect physical health, energy levels, and mood. 

Nutrition and health risks 

Restricted diets in autism can lead to nutrient gaps, especially in vitamins, minerals, and fibre. 
A 2024 PubMed review found that limited diets may increase the risk of deficiencies such as zinc or vitamin D, as well as higher reliance on carbohydrates or processed foods. 
Over time, this can impact bone health, growth, and long-term wellbeing. 

Support and positive change 

NICE guideline CG170 recommends a gentle, multi-disciplinary approach to eating difficulties in autism. This often includes support from dietitians, occupational therapists, psychologists, and family members. 
Gradual food exposure, for example, touching, smelling, or playing with new foods before tasting, can help build familiarity and reduce anxiety around mealtimes. 

Therapies such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and occupational therapy may also help increase food acceptance by improving sensory tolerance and flexibility around routines. It shows that family-based approaches, where meals are supportive rather than pressured, tend to work best for long-term progress. 

When to seek professional help 

If food selectivity leads to weight loss, fatigue, or signs of nutritional deficiency, it’s important to speak with a GP or a registered dietitian. They can assess nutrient status and refer to autism-aware dietetic or feeding support services. 
In some cases, Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) may be considered when eating limitations significantly impact health or daily life. 

The takeaway 

Autistic people’s relationship with food is deeply shaped by sensory experience, predictability, and comfort. 
With the right understanding and gentle, evidence-based support, it’s possible to expand food choices and achieve balanced nutrition, in a way that feels safe, respectful, and sustainable.