Can ICD-11 Autism Diagnosis Differ from DSM-5?

PostedNovember 15, 2025

UpdatedNovember 15, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Lucia Alvarez, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Yes, the ICD-11 and DSM-5 autism diagnosis can differ in their approach to diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While both systems aim to identify autism, their diagnostic criteria and frameworks vary slightly, leading to potential differences in how the condition is diagnosed and classified. The ICD-11 is used globally and offers a broader, more flexible approach, whereas the DSM-5 is more specific and commonly used in the United States.

Differences in Autism Diagnosis Between ICD-11 and DSM-5

Here’s how the ICD-11 and DSM-5 autism diagnosis can differ:

Autism Diagnostic Criteria

The ICD-11 focuses on a more inclusive, spectrum-wide approach. It considers autism as a neurodevelopmental disorder and groups all autism-related conditions under a single category without separating them into specific subtypes. In contrast, the DSM-5 includes specific subtypes and severity levels (Level 1, 2, and 3), based on social and communication challenges. This distinction may affect how the diagnosis is made depending on the severity of the symptoms.

ICD-11 vs DSM-5

While both ICD-11 vs DSM-5 share similar core criteria, the DSM-5 emphasises more detailed symptomology and behavioural classification. The ICD-11, on the other hand, does not go into as much detail about severity levels and is more focused on recognising the spectrum of the condition without rigid classifications.

Clinical Judgment

It plays a significant role in both systems. While the ICD-11 offers a broad classification of autism, DSM-5 provides more specific criteria that may help in identifying milder or more complex forms of autism. Therefore, professionals may need to rely on clinical judgment to decide whether a diagnosis fits within the guidelines of either system.

In summary, the ICD-11 and DSM-5 autism diagnosis can differ in terms of diagnostic criteria and level of detail. The difference lies mainly in the ICD-11’s broader and more inclusive approach versus the more specific DSM-5 criteria, which may impact the way autism is diagnosed and classified.

Visit providers like Autism Detect, who offer tailored consultations and expert guidance.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Autism Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5, ICD-11).

Lucia Alvarez, MSc

Author

Lucia Alvarez is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience providing evidence-based therapy and psychological assessment to children, adolescents, and adults. Skilled in CBT, DBT, and other therapeutic interventions, she has worked in hospital, community, and residential care settings. Her expertise includes grief counseling, anxiety management, and resilience-building, with a strong focus on creating safe, supportive environments to improve mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.