Does ICD-11 Differentiate Between Autism and Asperger’s?

PostedNovember 15, 2025

UpdatedNovember 15, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Lucia Alvarez, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Yes, the ICD-11 Asperger’s distinction exists, but it reflects a significant change in the way autism is categorised compared to previous editions. The ICD-11 no longer recognises Asperger’s Syndrome as a separate diagnosis. Instead, it has incorporated Asperger’s within the broader category of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This reflects the growing understanding that Asperger’s, once considered a distinct condition, is part of the autism spectrum, specifically classified as high-functioning autism.

How the ICD-11 Treats Asperger’s and Autism

Here’s how the ICD-11 Asperger’s distinction works:

Autism Types

Under the ICD-11, the term autism now encompasses all variations of the condition, including what was once referred to as Asperger’s Syndrome. The focus is on the severity of symptoms and the support needed, rather than distinguishing between different types of autism.

High-Functioning Autism

It now falls under the umbrella of autism spectrum disorder in the ICD-11. This includes individuals who have fewer intellectual disabilities and are often able to lead relatively independent lives, but who still experience challenges with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviours. This classification removes the need to distinguish between Asperger’s and other forms of autism based on intellectual capacity.

Asperger’s ICD-11

The Asperger’s ICD-11 distinction now refers to autism with a typical or above-average intellectual ability and language development. The criteria for diagnosis are based on the behavioural traits observed, particularly in the areas of social communication and restrictive patterns of behaviour.

The change in the ICD-11 ensures a more inclusive and unified understanding of the autism spectrum, focusing on the range of support needs rather than labelling individuals based on a specific diagnostic category.

For a deeper dive into the ICD-11 Asperger’s distinction and how it affects autism diagnosis and treatment, visit providers like Autism Detect, who offer expert consultations and guidance through the diagnostic process

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Autism Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5, ICD-11).

Lucia Alvarez, MSc

Author

Lucia Alvarez is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience providing evidence-based therapy and psychological assessment to children, adolescents, and adults. Skilled in CBT, DBT, and other therapeutic interventions, she has worked in hospital, community, and residential care settings. Her expertise includes grief counseling, anxiety management, and resilience-building, with a strong focus on creating safe, supportive environments to improve mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.