What Is the DSM‑5 Criteria for Autism?

PostedNovember 14, 2025

UpdatedNovember 17, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Lucia Alvarez, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

The DSM‑5 autism criteria provide a standardised framework used by clinicians to diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition), these diagnostic criteria define autism based on patterns of behaviour and challenges in social communication.

Understanding the DSM‑5 Autism Criteria

Diagnosis using the DSM‑5 autism criteria involves evaluating five key areas:

A. Social Communication Difficulties

The individual must show persistent challenges in social interaction and communication, including:

Difficulty with social-emotional reciprocity (e.g., back-and-forth conversation)

Poor use of non-verbal communication (e.g., gestures, eye contact)

Difficulty developing and maintaining relationships

B. Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours

At least two of the following must be present:

Repetitive movements or speech (e.g., hand-flapping, echolalia)

Strict adherence to routines or resistance to change

Intense or unusual interests

Over- or under-sensitivity to sensory input (e.g., sounds, textures)

C. Early Onset

Symptoms must be present from early childhood, even if not fully recognised until later.

D. Significant Impact

The behaviours must cause functional challenges in daily life, such as in school, work or relationships.

E. Not Better Explained by Another Condition
The features should not be more accurately explained by intellectual disability or another developmental issue.

Why These Criteria Matter

These diagnostic criteria help ensure that autism is identified based on observable, measurable behaviours rather than assumptions or stereotypes. The DSM‑5 manual supports clear, consistent diagnosis across age groups and presentations. It also defines an autism definition that reflects the wide range of traits and support needs found in autistic individuals.

For personalised support or questions around the diagnostic process, visit providers like Autism Detec for professional consultations.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Autism Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5, ICD-11).

Lucia Alvarez, MSc

Author

Lucia Alvarez is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience providing evidence-based therapy and psychological assessment to children, adolescents, and adults. Skilled in CBT, DBT, and other therapeutic interventions, she has worked in hospital, community, and residential care settings. Her expertise includes grief counseling, anxiety management, and resilience-building, with a strong focus on creating safe, supportive environments to improve mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.