How Does Autism Impact the Ability to Grasp Figurative Language? 

Figurative language in autism refers to the challenges many individuals on the autism spectrum face when interpreting expressions that go beyond their literal meanings. Unlike concrete language, which is straightforward and factual, figurative language in autism includes metaphors, idioms, and other expressions that carry implied meanings.  

For example, phrases like “it’s a piece of cake” or “kick the bucket” may cause confusion for someone with autism, as they take these expressions literally. Understanding figurative language requires the ability to look beyond the words themselves and interpret their broader or metaphorical meanings, a skill that can be challenging for those on the spectrum. 

Why Figurative Language is Hard to Understand in Autism 

The difficulty in understanding figurative language stems from differences in cognitive processing. Here’s how autism affects the ability to grasp these expressions: 

Challenges with Metaphors and Idioms  

Individuals with autism often interpret statements like “the ball is in your court” or “he’s feeling under the weather” as literal, missing the underlying meanings. This misunderstanding can cause confusion in daily interactions. Speech therapy and social skills training can help individuals with autism learn to identify and understand metaphors and idioms. Visual aids or real-world examples can also support comprehension. 

Literal Thinking  

Due to their tendency towards literal thinking, individuals with autism may focus on the exact wording of a phrase rather than understanding the context in which it’s used. Approaches like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and structured interventions, such as Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA), can help individuals improve their ability to think more flexibly and grasp figurative expressions in context. 

For more tailored support, consider visiting providers like Autism Detect for personal consultations on managing figurative language challenges in autism. 

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Literal Thinking and Difficulty with Abstract Concepts.

Hannah Smith, MSc

Author

Hannah Smith is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and over three years of experience in behaviour therapy, special education, and inclusive practices. She specialises in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and inclusive education strategies. Hannah has worked extensively with children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, Down syndrome, and intellectual disabilities, delivering evidence-based interventions to support development, mental health, and well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.