How Does Difficulty with Abstract Concepts Affect Reading Comprehension in Autism? 

Abstract thinking and reading comprehension in autism are closely connected. Individuals with autism often struggle with abstract concepts, which can make it difficult for them to understand deeper meanings, make inferences, or interpret figurative language while reading. This can impact literacy and comprehension, particularly in tasks that require interpreting more complex or non-literal language. 

For example, reading comprehension often involves making inferences or understanding abstract ideas such as themes or character emotions. These tasks can be more challenging for individuals with autism, as they may focus on the literal meaning of the text, missing subtle nuances or implied meanings. 

The Influence of Abstract Thinking on Reading Comprehension 

When individuals with autism face difficulty with abstract thinking, it affects their ability to process and understand texts. Here’s how: 

Challenges with Inference 

Reading often requires the ability to infer meaning based on context. Individuals with autism might struggle with this, which makes it harder to grasp implied ideas or broader concepts within the text. Strategies such as breaking texts down into simpler, more concrete parts can help individuals improve their ability to infer meaning and engage with the material more effectively. 

Difficulty with Figurative Language 

Abstract thinking is necessary for understanding figurative language, such as idioms, metaphors, or symbolism. Without this ability, individuals may struggle with parts of a text that rely on abstract concepts. Speech therapy and literacy programs that focus on figurative language can help individuals build the skills needed to understand abstract elements in reading. 

For more personalised support, consider visiting providers like Autism Detect for consultations on improving abstract thinking and reading comprehension in autism. 

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Literal Thinking and Difficulty with Abstract Concepts. 

Hannah Smith, MSc

Author

Hannah Smith is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and over three years of experience in behaviour therapy, special education, and inclusive practices. She specialises in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and inclusive education strategies. Hannah has worked extensively with children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, Down syndrome, and intellectual disabilities, delivering evidence-based interventions to support development, mental health, and well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.