Why Do Idioms Confuse Individuals with Autism? 

Idiom understanding in autism is often challenging due to the nature of how individuals on the spectrum process language. Unlike typical language users, individuals with autism often interpret language literally. Since idioms are forms of figurative language that carry meanings beyond their literal words, they can be particularly confusing for those with autism, as their comprehension of language tends to be more concrete and direct. 

For example, phrases like “a piece of cake” or “hit the nail on the head” may cause confusion because they don’t align with the way these individuals usually process language. Instead of understanding the metaphorical meaning, they may focus only on the literal interpretation, which can lead to misunderstandings in social interactions. 

How Figurative Language Affects Idiom Understanding in Autism 

Understanding idioms and other figurative language can be difficult for individuals with autism, as their brains are wired to focus on the literal meaning of words. Here’s why idioms present a challenge: 

Literal Interpretation of Language  

Individuals with autism often focus on the exact words used, missing the underlying metaphorical meaning behind idioms. Speech therapy and social skills training can help individuals with autism learn to recognise and interpret idioms, enhancing their understanding of figurative language. 

Difficulty with Contextual Understanding  

Idioms often require understanding the context in which they’re used, which can be hard for those with autism who tend to take things at face value. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and visual aids can support the development of flexible thinking, enabling individuals to understand idiomatic expressions more easily. 

For more personalised support, consider visiting providers like Autism Detect for consultations on improving idiom understanding in autism. 

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Literal Thinking and Difficulty with Abstract Concepts. 

Hannah Smith, MSc

Author

Hannah Smith is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and over three years of experience in behaviour therapy, special education, and inclusive practices. She specialises in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and inclusive education strategies. Hannah has worked extensively with children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, Down syndrome, and intellectual disabilities, delivering evidence-based interventions to support development, mental health, and well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.