Do Dopamine or Norepinephrine Restore with Age or Treatment in ADHD? 

In individuals with ADHD, dopamine and norepinephrine imbalances play a central role in the condition’s symptoms. One key question is whether these neurotransmitter systems naturally restore with age or if treatment is necessary to manage these imbalances effectively over a lifetime. The answer depends on a combination of neuroplasticity, individual recovery, and ongoing therapeutic support. 

Dopamine and Norepinephrine Restoration with Age 

While dopamine and norepinephrine dysregulation often improve somewhat with age, particularly in terms of hyperactivity, these systems typically do not “restore” completely in ADHD. As the brain matures, certain areas, like the prefrontal cortex, show improved function, but dopamine and norepinephrine deficiencies can persist into adulthood. For example, adults with ADHD often experience problems with executive function, motivation, and emotional regulation due to the continued underactivity of these neurotransmitters in areas like the prefrontal cortex and striatum. 

Treatment and Neuroplasticity 

Treatment can significantly enhance dopamine and norepinephrine function, helping to manage ADHD symptoms. Medications like stimulants (which increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels) and non-stimulants (such as atomoxetine, which specifically targets norepinephrine) can help restore neurotransmitter balance, improving attention and emotional regulation. Additionally, therapies like cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) leverage neuroplasticity, enabling the brain to adapt and improve its ability to handle ADHD symptoms. 

While age alone does not fully restore dopamine and norepinephrine function, effective treatment, whether through medication or therapy, can lead to significant improvement in ADHD symptoms, making it possible for individuals to manage the condition successfully throughout their lives. 

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations to explore how dopamine and norepinephrine restoration through treatment can improve ADHD management.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Dopamine and norepinephrine systems.

Victoria Rowe, MSc

Author

Victoria Rowe is a health psychologist with a Master’s in Health Psychology and a BS in Applied Psychology. She has experience as a school psychologist, conducting behavioural assessments, developing individualized education plans (IEPs), and supporting children’s mental health. Dr. Rowe has contributed to peer-reviewed research on mental health, including studies on anxiety disorders and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. Skilled in SPSS, Minitab, and academic writing, she is committed to advancing psychological knowledge and promoting well-being through evidence-based practice.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.