What fMRI Shows About Working Memory Networks in ADHD

PostedOctober 6, 2025

UpdatedOctober 6, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Phoebe Carter, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

ADHD working memory fMRI studies have revealed key differences in how the brain processes and stores information. These scans show that individuals with ADHD often display reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex, a region essential for working memory. This underactivation may explain many of the cognitive deficits associated with ADHD, including forgetfulness, poor organisation, and difficulty following multi-step instructions.

When engaged in tasks that require holding or manipulating information, people with ADHD tend to show altered neural activation patterns. These changes are often most visible in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal lobes, suggesting that ADHD affects both the storage and control components of working memory. Importantly, fMRI research provides insight into the biological basis of these challenges, helping move the conversation away from behavioural blame.

Common Symptoms Tied to Working Memory Deficits

Working memory problems in ADHD are linked to a number of functional difficulties. Here’s how these symptoms present and can be supported:

Forgetfulness and Mental Disorganisation

Tasks are easily forgotten or completed incorrectly. This is tied to poor activation in the prefrontal cortex. CBT can help by teaching memory aids and routines, while medication may enhance dopamine signalling to improve cognitive focus.

Difficulty Holding Information During Tasks

Struggles with following instructions or mental maths often stem from disrupted neural activation. Stimulants can improve communication between relevant brain regions, while executive function coaching offers practical strategies.

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to ADHD working memory fMRI.

Phoebe Carter, MSc

Author

Phoebe Carter is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and a Bachelor’s in Applied Psychology. She has experience working with both children and adults, conducting psychological assessments, developing individualized treatment plans, and delivering evidence-based therapies. Phoebe specialises in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD, and learning disabilities, as well as mood, anxiety, psychotic, and personality disorders. She is skilled in CBT, behaviour modification, ABA, and motivational interviewing, and is dedicated to providing compassionate, evidence-based mental health care to individuals of all ages.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.