What Cortical Surface Area Differences Are Seen in ADHD?

PostedOctober 7, 2025

UpdatedOctober 7, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Phoebe Carter, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

ADHD cortical surface area is an important aspect of brain morphology that has been closely studied in recent neuroimaging research. Differences in the cortical surface area of individuals with ADHD, particularly in regions related to attention and impulse control, are commonly observed. These developmental changes are linked to difficulties in focus, decision-making, and regulating behaviour, core symptoms of ADHD.

Imaging studies, such as structural MRI, have shown that certain areas of the brain, especially the prefrontal cortex and parietal lobe, exhibit a reduced cortical surface area in individuals with ADHD. This reduction can affect cognitive processes like working memory, attention, and motor control. In addition, these structural abnormalities may contribute to the characteristic impulsivity and inattention seen in ADHD. Interestingly, the extent of these differences can vary based on age and the presence of treatment, indicating that neuroimaging can also track changes over time.

How It Helps in ADHD Treatment

Understanding Brain Morphology

By identifying cortical surface area differences, researchers and clinicians can better understand how ADHD affects brain structure. This information can guide treatment strategies, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted.

Guiding Effective Treatment Plans

The knowledge gained from neuroimaging studies can help personalise treatments, such as CBT or medication, by focusing on the brain regions that need the most support. For instance, treatments may aim to improve cognitive functions associated with the affected areas, enhancing overall management of ADHD symptoms.

For more insights on how ADHD cortical surface area affects treatment and outcomes, visit providers like ADHD Certify for expert consultations.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to ADHD and brain morphology.

Phoebe Carter, MSc

Author

Phoebe Carter is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and a Bachelor’s in Applied Psychology. She has experience working with both children and adults, conducting psychological assessments, developing individualized treatment plans, and delivering evidence-based therapies. Phoebe specialises in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD, and learning disabilities, as well as mood, anxiety, psychotic, and personality disorders. She is skilled in CBT, behaviour modification, ABA, and motivational interviewing, and is dedicated to providing compassionate, evidence-based mental health care to individuals of all ages.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.