Are there methylation biomarkers for ADHD?

PostedOctober 8, 2025

UpdatedOctober 10, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Victoria Rowe, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Yes, researchers are increasingly exploring ADHD methylation biomarkers as a way to better understand, detect, and perhaps even treat the condition. These biomarkers are based on DNA methylation, a type of chemical tag that can turn genes on or off without altering the underlying genetic code. This form of epigenetic marker could be the key to unlocking more accurate diagnostics and personalised interventions in ADHD.

What is DNA methylation, and why does it matter?

DNA methylation involves the addition of a methyl group to DNA, usually at CpG sites (regions where a cytosine is followed by a guanine). This modification affects how genes are expressed, like a dimmer switch for gene activity, and is influenced by both genetics and the environment.

In ADHD, abnormal methylation patterns have been found in genes related to:

Dopamine regulation (e.g., DAT1, DRD4)

Neurodevelopment and synaptic function

Stress response systems

What have studies found so far?

Children with ADHD show distinct methylation profiles compared to neurotypical peers, especially in brain-related genes.

Some studies suggest that methylation at specific sites may correlate with symptom severity, age of onset, or response to treatment.

There is growing interest in using these patterns as diagnostic tools, although they are not yet ready for clinical use.

What is next for ADHD epigenetic diagnostics?

While still in early stages, methylation biomarkers could lead to non-invasive tests that support early diagnosis or help predict treatment outcomes. The fact that methylation is dynamic and potentially reversible also opens doors for future therapies that go beyond symptom control.

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations that explore emerging biomarker science.

For a deeper dive into the diagnosis, biology, and treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic studies and biomarkers.

Victoria Rowe, MSc

Author

Victoria Rowe is a health psychologist with a Master’s in Health Psychology and a BS in Applied Psychology. She has experience as a school psychologist, conducting behavioural assessments, developing individualized education plans (IEPs), and supporting children’s mental health. Dr. Rowe has contributed to peer-reviewed research on mental health, including studies on anxiety disorders and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. Skilled in SPSS, Minitab, and academic writing, she is committed to advancing psychological knowledge and promoting well-being through evidence-based practice.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.