What imaging-genetics studies exist for ADHD?

PostedOctober 8, 2025

UpdatedOctober 10, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Victoria Rowe, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

ADHD imaging-genetics studies represent an exciting frontier in understanding the complex biological basis of ADHD. By combining multimodal imaging with genetic data, researchers are uncovering how specific genetic variations influence brain structure and function in individuals with ADHD. This approach provides deeper insights into how brain regions involved in attention, impulse control, and cognitive processes are impacted by both genetics and environment.

The Role of Multimodal Imaging in ADHD Research

Multimodal imaging combines various techniques, such as fMRI (functional MRI), DTI (diffusion tensor imaging), and structural MRI, to provide a comprehensive understanding of brain activity and structure. These methods help researchers examine brain regions in real time and across different levels of analysis, offering a more complete picture of how genetic variations affect brain function.

fMRI measures blood flow changes in the brain, highlighting areas that become active during specific cognitive tasks. This helps understand how attention and decision-making processes are altered in ADHD.

DTI reveals the integrity and connectivity of white matter, which is crucial for communication between different brain regions, particularly those involved in attention and executive function.

Structural MRI assesses the size and shape of brain structures, identifying any structural abnormalities that might contribute to ADHD symptoms.

These imaging techniques, paired with genetic information, allow researchers to explore how genetic risk factors influence brain function and behaviour in ADHD.

The Impact of GWAS on Imaging-Genetics Studies

GWAS (genome-wide association studies) have identified several genetic variants associated with ADHD, particularly those affecting neurotransmitter systems like dopamine. By combining GWAS findings with brain imaging, researchers are beginning to see how these genetic variations contribute to ADHD-related brain structure and activity.

GWAS have highlighted genes like DAT1 (dopamine transporter) and DRD4 (dopamine receptor), which influence dopamine regulation. Imaging-genetics studies have shown that these genes are linked to altered brain activity in regions like the prefrontal cortex and striatal regions, which are central to attention and cognitive control.

These studies help identify how specific genetic markers affect the functional connectivity of brain networks involved in executive function, impulse control, and reward processing.

Why Imaging-Genetics Studies Matter for ADHD

Imaging-genetics studies matter for ADHD because they reveal how genetic variations shape brain structure and function, helping to refine diagnosis and personalise treatment.

Objective diagnostic tools

Combining genetic data with imaging techniques could provide biological markers for ADHD, helping clinicians diagnose the condition more accurately. This approach goes beyond behavioural symptoms, offering more objective, measurable ways to assess ADHD.

Personalised treatment strategies

Understanding how genetic variants impact brain function could allow for more tailored treatments. For instance, individuals with certain genetic profiles may respond better to specific medications or therapies that target the affected brain regions.

Improved understanding of ADHD

These studies offer valuable insights into the genetic and neurobiological mechanisms that underlie ADHD, leading to more effective interventions and a clearer picture of the disorder’s causes.

ADHD imaging-genetics studies are opening new doors in the field of ADHD research, combining genetic data and brain imaging to improve diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of the disorder. This approach paves the way for more personalised, effective ADHD care.

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations that integrate genetic and imaging data into ADHD treatment.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic studies and biomarkers.

Victoria Rowe, MSc

Author

Victoria Rowe is a health psychologist with a Master’s in Health Psychology and a BS in Applied Psychology. She has experience as a school psychologist, conducting behavioural assessments, developing individualized education plans (IEPs), and supporting children’s mental health. Dr. Rowe has contributed to peer-reviewed research on mental health, including studies on anxiety disorders and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. Skilled in SPSS, Minitab, and academic writing, she is committed to advancing psychological knowledge and promoting well-being through evidence-based practice.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.