Can mutations in certain genes lead to ADHD?

PostedAugust 18, 2025

UpdatedSeptember 3, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Lucia Alvarez, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Emerging research suggests that ADHD gene mutations, particularly in genes related to brain development and neurotransmitter systems, may contribute to the condition in some individuals. While ADHD is typically associated with common inherited traits, rare mutations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), can disrupt normal brain signalling and increase the likelihood of attention and impulse regulation difficulties.

These mutations don’t cause ADHD on their own but, in combination with other genetic and environmental factors, can tip the balance toward a diagnosis, especially in families with a history of neurological or developmental conditions.

Types of genetic changes linked to ADHD

Here’s how mutations and variants are currently understood in ADHD genetics.

Gene variants ADHD

Variants in dopamine-related genes, such as DRD4 and DAT1, are frequently observed in individuals with ADHD. These variants affect how neurotransmitters are processed in the brain, altering motivation, attention, and self-regulation.

Rare mutations ADHD

In some cases, rare or de novo mutations, genetic changes not inherited from either parent, have been found in genes affecting brain development. These mutations may explain more severe or early-onset ADHD cases.

ADHD SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms)

SNPs are single-letter changes in the DNA sequence. Certain ADHD SNPs, especially in genes related to dopamine and serotonin systems, appear more frequently in people with ADHD compared to the general population.

Although ADHD gene mutations are only one piece of the puzzle, they provide valuable insight into how brain development is shaped at the molecular level. Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personalised evaluations and genetic-informed treatment strategies.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic Factors in ADHD.

Lucia Alvarez, MSc

Author

Lucia Alvarez is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience providing evidence-based therapy and psychological assessment to children, adolescents, and adults. Skilled in CBT, DBT, and other therapeutic interventions, she has worked in hospital, community, and residential care settings. Her expertise includes grief counseling, anxiety management, and resilience-building, with a strong focus on creating safe, supportive environments to improve mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.