Are there specific genes that increase the risk of multiple neurodevelopmental disorders?

PostedAugust 19, 2025

UpdatedSeptember 4, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Lucia Alvarez, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Yes, a growing body of research shows that certain neurodevelopmental genes ADHD overlap with genes linked to other developmental conditions. These shared genetic factors can elevate susceptibility to various neurodevelopmental disorders, spanning ADHD, autism, learning delays, and more, placing individuals on a broader ADHD spectrum of risk.

Understanding these overlaps helps explain the concept of broad genetic risk, where one gene variant influences multiple areas of brain function.

The role of shared genetic markers in neurodevelopmental risk

Research highlights several genes that influence susceptibility across conditions. Here are three primary pathways to understand:

Synaptic regulation and communication

Genes involved in synaptic formation and neurotransmitter release, such as those affecting dopamine and glutamate, are often implicated in both ADHD and autism. Disruptions in these pathways contribute to developmental delay, issues in executive function, and attention control.

Brain growth and structure development

Variants in genes regulating brain maturation, connectivity, and neural pruning influence multiple neurodevelopmental outcomes. When these genes malfunction, children may present with overlapping symptoms across the ADHD spectrum, such as impulsivity, sensory processing differences, or learning challenges.

Shared developmental pathways

Some genes act as master control switches, guiding the development of brain regions important for self-regulation, social communication, or motor coordination. Alterations in these neurodevelopmental genes of ADHD affect a broad range of functions, increasing the likelihood of co-occurring conditions like ADHD with developmental delay or language disorders.

Recognising that specific genes can influence multiple conditions shifts the approach from single-disorder treatment to more integrated care. Visit providers like ADHD Certify to explore comprehensive assessments that map genetic risk across multiple domains of development.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic Factors in ADHD.

Lucia Alvarez, MSc

Author

Lucia Alvarez is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience providing evidence-based therapy and psychological assessment to children, adolescents, and adults. Skilled in CBT, DBT, and other therapeutic interventions, she has worked in hospital, community, and residential care settings. Her expertise includes grief counseling, anxiety management, and resilience-building, with a strong focus on creating safe, supportive environments to improve mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.