Are there other dopamine-related genes linked to ADHD?

PostedAugust 18, 2025

UpdatedSeptember 3, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Lucia Alvarez, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Yes, aside from DRD4 and DAT1, several other dopamine genes have been linked to ADHD. These genes influence the production, reception, and breakdown of dopamine, a neurotransmitter central to attention, reward, and self-regulation. Since dopamine signalling is often impaired in people with ADHD, it’s no surprise that variations in multiple dopamine genes for ADHD are associated with increased risk.

Researchers have identified genes like DRD5, COMT, and MAOA as potential contributors to ADHD symptoms, particularly in areas related to impulsivity, mood regulation, and executive function.

Expanding the genetic picture

Here’s how these additional genes factor into ADHD.

Genetic risk

While no single gene causes ADHD, a combination of small genetic differences can elevate genetic risk. Variants in dopamine-related genes influence how effectively the dopamine circuit functions, increasing the likelihood of developing symptoms.

ADHD symptoms

These genes impact core ADHD symptoms such as distractibility, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. For example, COMT affects how quickly dopamine breaks down in the prefrontal cortex, which is crucial for decision-making and attention span.

Understanding the role of multiple dopamine genes in ADHD provides a broader view of the condition’s biological basis and highlights why treatment may vary from person to person. Visit providers like ADHD Certify to explore personalised care options based on your or your child’s neurochemical profile.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic Factors in ADHD.

Lucia Alvarez, MSc

Author

Lucia Alvarez is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and extensive experience providing evidence-based therapy and psychological assessment to children, adolescents, and adults. Skilled in CBT, DBT, and other therapeutic interventions, she has worked in hospital, community, and residential care settings. Her expertise includes grief counseling, anxiety management, and resilience-building, with a strong focus on creating safe, supportive environments to improve mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.