Are There Functional MRI (fMRI) Differences in ADHD?

PostedOctober 6, 2025

UpdatedOctober 6, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Phoebe Carter, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Yes, there are well-documented ADHD fMRI differences that show distinct patterns in how the brain functions during rest and task-based activity. Functional imaging helps researchers visualise neural activity in real time, revealing how different brain regions communicate, and how this may differ in people with ADHD.

One of the most consistent findings is disrupted connectivity between the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and the default mode network (DMN). For instance, individuals with ADHD often struggle to suppress the DMN when switching from rest to focused tasks, leading to lapses in attention. These functional imaging patterns provide important context for symptoms like distractibility, impulsiveness, and difficulties with sustained focus.

Key Functional Brain Differences in ADHD

Here are the most common fMRI findings in ADHD and what they suggest for symptom management and treatment.

Reduced Prefrontal Activation During Tasks

The prefrontal cortex, responsible for planning and self-control, often shows underactivation in individuals with ADHD. This is linked to poor decision-making and attention difficulties. Stimulant medication can boost activity in this area, while CBT helps develop compensatory strategies.

Disrupted Connectivity Between Brain Regions

Weakened connectivity between the executive function network and emotional centres leads to poor regulation and inconsistent focus. Treatment approaches like behavioural therapy and medication can improve these connections, supporting more stable cognitive and emotional function.

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations to better understand how brain imaging can inform ADHD treatment.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to ADHD brain imaging findings.

Phoebe Carter, MSc

Author

Phoebe Carter is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and a Bachelor’s in Applied Psychology. She has experience working with both children and adults, conducting psychological assessments, developing individualized treatment plans, and delivering evidence-based therapies. Phoebe specialises in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD, and learning disabilities, as well as mood, anxiety, psychotic, and personality disorders. She is skilled in CBT, behaviour modification, ABA, and motivational interviewing, and is dedicated to providing compassionate, evidence-based mental health care to individuals of all ages.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.