Can Brain Imaging Support ADHD Diagnosis Guidelines?

PostedOctober 6, 2025

UpdatedOctober 6, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Phoebe Carter, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

The use of brain imaging in ADHD diagnosis is gaining attention as researchers explore how it could fit into current clinical standards. While NICE guidelines do not currently include imaging as part of routine diagnostic practice, studies suggest that ADHD diagnosis brain imaging may provide valuable diagnostic support, especially in complex or unclear cases.

Techniques such as fMRI and structural MRI have highlighted consistent differences in brain regions like the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, all of which play a role in attention, impulse control, and executive function. While these findings are not yet considered definitive for diagnosis, they offer a strong biological foundation that could support clinical judgement in future assessments. For now, NICE continues to emphasise a detailed clinical assessment, including behavioural observations and developmental history, as the gold standard for diagnosing ADHD.

Brain Imaging as a Diagnostic Support Tool

Although not a diagnostic requirement, brain imaging may help clinicians gain additional insight into ADHD-related symptoms. Here’s how specific findings align with clinical challenges and treatment approaches:

Prefrontal Cortex and Inattention

Imaging often shows reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex, which may explain challenges with focus, planning, and self-control. Stimulant medication can increase activity here, and CBT is effective for developing stronger executive function skills.

Basal Ganglia and Impulsivity

Irregularities in the basal ganglia are linked to impulsive behaviour and motor restlessness. Medication can help regulate neurotransmitters, while behavioural therapy provides strategies for managing impulses and routines.

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations to better understand how brain imaging can inform ADHD treatment.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to ADHD brain imaging findings.

Phoebe Carter, MSc

Author

Phoebe Carter is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and a Bachelor’s in Applied Psychology. She has experience working with both children and adults, conducting psychological assessments, developing individualized treatment plans, and delivering evidence-based therapies. Phoebe specialises in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD, and learning disabilities, as well as mood, anxiety, psychotic, and personality disorders. She is skilled in CBT, behaviour modification, ABA, and motivational interviewing, and is dedicated to providing compassionate, evidence-based mental health care to individuals of all ages.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.