Does ADHD Show Neurotransmitter Imbalance in Imaging? 

Yes, evidence from brain imaging and biochemical studies supports that ADHD neurotransmitter imbalance involves altered levels or activity of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. These imaging findings help explain many ADHD symptoms from attention deficits to impulse control and emotional dysregulation. 

PET, SPECT, and other molecular imaging studies often show changes in dopamine function, including differences in dopamine transporter (DAT) binding or receptor availability, especially in regions like the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Some studies, however, suggest that dopamine dysfunction may not always be the primary cause but still plays a significant role. Research also points to defects in the norepinephrine system: while imaging of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) has yielded mixed results, clinical treatments that increase norepinephrine levels tend to improve symptoms of attention and arousal. Finally, serotonin is implicated in ADHD via biochemical and imaging studies showing lower serotonin availability or altered receptor/transporter function. These changes may underlie impulsivity, mood instability, and problems with emotional regulation.  

Common Symptoms & Treatment Relevance 

Here are symptoms that often map to these neurochemical imaging findings, and how they may guide treatment: 

Poor Attention, Motivation & Focus 

Changes in dopamine or norepinephrine signalling can make it harder to sustain attention, stay motivated, or filter distractions. Medication (stimulants or atomoxetine) helps by boosting dopamine/norepinephrine levels in key brain areas. Therapeutic strategies, such as behaviour therapy or structured routines, assist in reinforcing focus and reward‑driven behaviour. 

Impulsivity, Emotional Reactivity & Mood Swings 

Imbalances in serotonin and dopamine can contribute to impulsive actions, mood instability, and difficulty managing strong emotional responses. Treatments like SSRIs (in comorbid cases), mood‑regulation therapy, and CBT help improve emotional regulation and reduce reactive behaviour. 

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations informed by the latest imaging and neurochemical research. 

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to ADHD impulsivity imaging.