How Does ADHD Show Up on MRI Scans?

PostedOctober 6, 2025

UpdatedOctober 6, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Phoebe Carter, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

On ADHD MRI scans, researchers often observe structural abnormalities, differences in brain volume, and cortical differences in people with ADHD compared to neurotypical individuals. These MRI findings help explain why ADHD affects attention, impulse control, and organisation, showing the condition has a biological basis, not just behavioural symptoms.

MRI studies frequently report slightly reduced overall brain volume in regions such as the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Cortical thinning (i.e. cortical differences) in frontal and temporal lobes is another common finding, especially in children. These structural abnormalities also tend to be more pronounced in those with more severe ADHD symptoms. Importantly, while these MRI findings are compelling, they alone are not diagnostic; they form part of a broader clinical picture.

Common Symptoms Mirrored in MRI Findings

Here are some key ADHD symptoms that correlate with what MRI scans typically show, and how treatment can help.

Inattention and Distractibility

Cortical thinning or reduced volume in the prefrontal cortex is often associated with difficulty sustaining focus, following instructions, or organising tasks. Stimulant medication may help by boosting neural activity in this area, while CBT offers strategies for improving memory, planning, and managing distractions.

Impulse Control and Hyperactivity

Structural abnormalities in brain regions like the basal ganglia and reduced connections in frontal networks often tie to impulsivity or an inability to sit still. Medication can support better regulation of neural circuits, while behavioural therapy helps build routines, self‑monitoring skills, and reduce impulsive responses.

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations tailored to your ADHD care and support needs.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to ADHD MRI scans.

Phoebe Carter, MSc

Author

Phoebe Carter is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and a Bachelor’s in Applied Psychology. She has experience working with both children and adults, conducting psychological assessments, developing individualized treatment plans, and delivering evidence-based therapies. Phoebe specialises in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD, and learning disabilities, as well as mood, anxiety, psychotic, and personality disorders. She is skilled in CBT, behaviour modification, ABA, and motivational interviewing, and is dedicated to providing compassionate, evidence-based mental health care to individuals of all ages.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.