Can PET Scans Detect Dopamine and Norepinephrine Differences in ADHD?

PostedSeptember 29, 2025

UpdatedSeptember 30, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Victoria Rowe, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Yes, PET scans (Positron Emission Tomography) are among the most powerful tools for detecting dopamine and norepinephrine differences in the brains of individuals with ADHD. Unlike structural imaging, PET allows researchers to observe neurochemical imaging in real time, specifically how neurotransmitters behave, how much is available, and how well receptors and transporters are functioning.

How PET Scans Work in ADHD Research

PET scans use tracer studies, where a small amount of radioactive substance is injected into the bloodstream and binds to specific neurotransmitter targets, such as dopamine transporters or receptors. These tracers emit signals that the PET scanner detects, allowing scientists to visualise receptor binding, transporter density, and neurotransmitter activity in various brain regions.

Dopamine Findings in ADHD

PET studies have consistently shown that individuals with ADHD tend to have lower dopamine transporter binding in the striatum, which may indicate reduced dopamine availability. This underactivity is linked to symptoms such as inattention and poor impulse control. Some studies also show reduced D2/D3 receptor availability, suggesting inefficient dopamine signalling in key areas related to motivation and cognitive control.

Norepinephrine and PET Imaging

While more challenging to study than dopamine, norepinephrine pathways have also been explored using PET. Preliminary findings suggest alterations in norepinephrine transporter activity, especially in the prefrontal cortex and locus coeruleus, which may underlie issues with alertness and attention regulation in ADHD.

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations to learn how PET scans can reveal dopamine and norepinephrine differences in ADHD.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Dopamine and norepinephrine systems.

Victoria Rowe, MSc

Author

Victoria Rowe is a health psychologist with a Master’s in Health Psychology and a BS in Applied Psychology. She has experience as a school psychologist, conducting behavioural assessments, developing individualized education plans (IEPs), and supporting children’s mental health. Dr. Rowe has contributed to peer-reviewed research on mental health, including studies on anxiety disorders and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. Skilled in SPSS, Minitab, and academic writing, she is committed to advancing psychological knowledge and promoting well-being through evidence-based practice.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.