Can ADHD Be Diagnosed Through Genetic Biomarkers?

PostedOctober 7, 2025

UpdatedOctober 10, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Victoria Rowe, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

With rising interest in precision medicine, researchers have been exploring whether genetic biomarkers could one day offer a more objective way to diagnose ADHD. While promising, science remains complex. Although we know ADHD is highly heritable, no single gene can confirm a diagnosis. Instead, multiple candidate genes and risk variants contribute modestly to overall susceptibility.

Candidate Genes and Heritability

Genes involved in dopamine regulation, such as DAT1, DRD4, and COMT, are some of the best-studied candidate genes in ADHD research. These genes help govern neurotransmitter transport and breakdown, both of which are central to attention and self-control. Twin and family studies show that ADHD has a heritability estimate of around 70–80%, suggesting that genetics play a dominant role in its development.

Can Genetic Testing Diagnose ADHD?

At present, genetic testing cannot diagnose ADHD on its own. The disorder is polygenic, meaning dozens, possibly hundreds of gene variants contribute small amounts to the overall risk. As a result, there is no definitive genetic signature or single test to confirm ADHD. However, as genetic biomarker research progresses, these tests may someday help identify high-risk individuals or tailor treatments based on genetic profiles.

Conclusion

Genetic biomarkers are not yet ready to serve as standalone tools for ADHD diagnosis, but they remain a key focus in the effort to personalise care and improve understanding of the disorder.

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations to discuss genetic factors and emerging tools in ADHD care.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic studies and biomarkers.

Victoria Rowe, MSc

Author

Victoria Rowe is a health psychologist with a Master’s in Health Psychology and a BS in Applied Psychology. She has experience as a school psychologist, conducting behavioural assessments, developing individualized education plans (IEPs), and supporting children’s mental health. Dr. Rowe has contributed to peer-reviewed research on mental health, including studies on anxiety disorders and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. Skilled in SPSS, Minitab, and academic writing, she is committed to advancing psychological knowledge and promoting well-being through evidence-based practice.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.