How stable are epigenetic changes in ADHD across development?

PostedOctober 8, 2025

UpdatedOctober 10, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Victoria Rowe, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

The study of ADHD developmental epigenetics explores how gene regulation shifts or stays the same from childhood through adolescence and into adulthood. While genetics remain constant, epigenetic changes can be more dynamic, influenced by life stages, environment, and behaviour. How stable are these changes in ADHD? some epigenetic patterns remain surprisingly persistent, while others shift and evolve across the lifespan.

What research shows about stability

Research shows that ADHD symptoms demonstrate both persistence and variability over time, with some individuals experiencing lifelong difficulties while others show improvement as they age.

Early childhood

Epigenetic marks linked to ADHD, such as DNA methylation in genes involved in dopamine signalling can appear as early as birth or infancy, often shaped by prenatal influences like maternal stress or exposure to toxins.

Adolescence

During puberty, hormone surges and brain maturation introduce new waves of epigenetic plasticity. Some early markers may persist, while others shift in response to new environmental exposures (e.g. peer stress, diet, sleep).

Adulthood

While certain ADHD-related epigenetic signatures can remain stable into adulthood, others may fade or be modified by long-term lifestyle factors including therapy, medication, and life experiences.

Why this matter

Understanding the lifespan stability of epigenetic changes helps refine how and when we intervene. If some markers are stable, they could serve as long-term diagnostic or treatment targets. If others are more fluid, we may be able to actively shift them, especially during sensitive developmental windows.

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations that address ADHD across different stages of development.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic studies and biomarkers.

Victoria Rowe, MSc

Author

Victoria Rowe is a health psychologist with a Master’s in Health Psychology and a BS in Applied Psychology. She has experience as a school psychologist, conducting behavioural assessments, developing individualized education plans (IEPs), and supporting children’s mental health. Dr. Rowe has contributed to peer-reviewed research on mental health, including studies on anxiety disorders and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. Skilled in SPSS, Minitab, and academic writing, she is committed to advancing psychological knowledge and promoting well-being through evidence-based practice.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.