What is Literal Thinking in Autism? 

Literal thinking in autism refers to the tendency of individuals with autism to interpret information in a very straightforward, concrete way. This cognitive style focuses on facts and details, leading individuals to process information literally rather than understanding abstract concepts. Concrete thinking is at the heart of this, as it involves a focus on physical, tangible aspects rather than the more abstract or metaphorical meanings behind words or actions. 

For example, a child with autism might not understand phrases like “break a leg” or “it’s raining cats and dogs,” as they interpret these idioms literally. This can cause confusion in social interactions and limit their ability to engage in more abstract or playful conversations. Addressing literal thinking helps children develop a broader understanding of language and communication. 

Common Symptoms of Literal Thinking in Autism 

The following are common symptoms associated with literal thinking in autism, which can affect communication and behaviour: 

Difficulty with Figurative Language  

Individuals may struggle to understand jokes, metaphors, or expressions that are not meant to be taken literally. Speech therapy and social skills training can help children grasp abstract language. Using visual aids and clear instructions can support this development. 

Literal Interpretation of Instructions 

 A child might take instructions too literally, leading to confusion. For example, being told to “hold your horses” might result in them physically trying to hold something.  Structured therapies like Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) can help individuals understand more flexible interpretations of language. Visual supports and clear, concise instructions are also effective tools. 

For more tailored support, consider visiting providers like Autism Detect for personal consultations on managing literal thinking and concrete thinking in autism. 

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Literal Thinking and Difficulty with Abstract Concepts.

Hannah Smith, MSc

Author

Hannah Smith is a clinical psychologist with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology and over three years of experience in behaviour therapy, special education, and inclusive practices. She specialises in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and inclusive education strategies. Hannah has worked extensively with children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, Down syndrome, and intellectual disabilities, delivering evidence-based interventions to support development, mental health, and well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy. 

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.