What Brain Imaging Shows About Dopamine and Norepinephrine in ADHD 

Modern brain imaging techniques have revolutionised our understanding of ADHD, offering clear evidence of how dopamine and norepinephrine systems are altered in the condition. Through neuroimaging tools such as MRI, PET, and fMRI, researchers have identified structural and functional differences in the brains of individuals with ADHD, particularly in regions linked to attention, executive function, and impulse control. 

MRI Findings and Structural Differences 

MRI findings often reveal reduced volume in areas like the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum regions densely populated with dopamine and norepinephrine receptors. These structural differences support the theory that ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder involving delayed or atypical maturation of brain areas critical for self-regulation and attention. 

Functional Connectivity and Neurochemical Imbalance 

Functional MRI (fMRI) studies highlight disrupted functional connectivity between brain regions that rely on dopamine and norepinephrine signalling. For example, individuals with ADHD show weaker connectivity in the frontostriatal circuits, which are involved in reward anticipation and task management. PET scans have also demonstrated altered dopamine transporter density, particularly in the striatum, indicating reduced dopamine availability as a core feature of ADHD. 

Norepinephrine-related findings point to underactivation in the locus coeruleus prefrontal cortex network, which is critical for sustaining attention and responding to stress. These neuroimaging results align with clinical observations of distractibility, poor task endurance, and emotional regulation issues in ADHD. 

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations to learn how brain imaging helps uncover the roles of dopamine and norepinephrine in ADHD.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Dopamine and norepinephrine systems.