Do DAT or NET Gene Mutations Predict ADHD Severity?

PostedSeptember 29, 2025

UpdatedSeptember 30, 2025

ByMy Patient Advice

Author: Victoria Rowe, MSc | Reviewed by: Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

The search for genetic clues to understand ADHD severity has led researchers to examine transporter genes specifically, the dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) genes. These genes control the proteins responsible for clearing dopamine and norepinephrine from the synaptic space, directly influencing neurotransmitter balance in the brain. Variations or mutations in these genes may not only increase the risk of ADHD but also help predict the severity of symptoms.

DAT Gene Mutations and Symptom Severity

The DAT gene (also known as SLC6A3) affects how efficiently dopamine is removed from neural pathways. Certain polymorphisms, such as the 10-repeat allele, have been associated with more severe inattention and hyperactivity in children with ADHD. Individuals with this variant may experience greater dopamine dysregulation, leading to more pronounced difficulty sustaining attention or managing impulsive behaviour.

NET Gene Mutations and Clinical Relevance

Similarly, the NET gene (SLC6A2) regulates norepinephrine activity, which is essential for maintaining focus and mental alertness. Some NET gene variants have been linked to increased ADHD symptom severity, particularly in terms of emotional dysregulation and attention control. These mutations may influence how well individuals respond to medications like atomoxetine, which specifically target norepinephrine pathways.

The Role of Clinical Genetics

Although DAT and NET gene mutations do not solely determine ADHD outcomes, they are emerging as important markers in clinical genetics. As genetic testing advances, these mutations could help guide more personalised treatment plans based on predicted ADHD severity.

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations to explore how DAT and NET gene mutations may inform ADHD symptom profiles and treatment strategies.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Dopamine and norepinephrine systems.

Victoria Rowe, MSc

Author

Victoria Rowe is a health psychologist with a Master’s in Health Psychology and a BS in Applied Psychology. She has experience as a school psychologist, conducting behavioural assessments, developing individualized education plans (IEPs), and supporting children’s mental health. Dr. Rowe has contributed to peer-reviewed research on mental health, including studies on anxiety disorders and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. Skilled in SPSS, Minitab, and academic writing, she is committed to advancing psychological knowledge and promoting well-being through evidence-based practice.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the author's privacy.

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez, MBBS

Reviewer

Dr. Rebecca Fernandez is a UK-trained physician with an MBBS and experience in general surgery, cardiology, internal medicine, gynecology, intensive care, and emergency medicine. She has managed critically ill patients, stabilised acute trauma cases, and provided comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care. In psychiatry, Dr. Fernandez has worked with psychotic, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, applying evidence-based approaches such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. Her skills span patient assessment, treatment planning, and the integration of digital health solutions to support mental well-being.

All qualifications and professional experience stated above are authentic and verified by our editorial team. However, pseudonym and image likeness are used to protect the reviewer's privacy.