What Is the COMT Gene and Its Link to ADHD? 

The COMT gene (catechol-O-methyltransferase) is a critical player in dopamine metabolism, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, the brain region responsible for executive function, attention control, and emotional regulation. Variants in the COMT gene influence how quickly dopamine breaks down, and this has been directly linked to cognitive processes affected in ADHD. 

Val158Met Polymorphism: The Key Variant 

One well-studied variation in the COMT gene is the Val158Met polymorphism. People with the Val/Val genotype have higher COMT enzyme activity, which means dopamine is cleared more rapidly from the prefrontal cortex. This can result in lower dopamine levels, contributing to difficulties with working memory, planning, and impulse control all core features of ADHD. 

In contrast, the Met/Met genotype leads to slower dopamine breakdown and may offer some cognitive advantages under normal conditions. However, this balance can also be influenced by stress, age, and environmental factors. 

Executive Dysfunction and Genetic Risk 

The link between the COMT gene and executive dysfunction, a hallmark of ADHD, highlights its role as a genetic risk factor. While not the sole cause, variations in COMT can shape how an individual’s brain regulates dopaminergic activity, especially in situations requiring focus, decision-making, and emotional self-control. 

Conclusion 

The COMT gene helps regulate dopamine in the prefrontal cortex, and its variants have been associated with executive function impairments in ADHD. 

Visit providers like ADHD Certify for personal consultations exploring the influence of COMT-related dopamine metabolism on ADHD.

For a deeper dive into the science, diagnosis, and full treatment landscape, read our complete guide to Genetic studies and biomarkers.